Short description: Wikipedia key to pronunciation
 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Burmese on Wikipedia.It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Burmese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or its value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. | |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Burmese language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-my}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Burmese phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Burmese.
| Consonants
|
| IPA |
Burmese example |
English approximation
|
| b
|
ဘဲ [bɛ́] |
bat
|
| d
|
ဓာတ် [daʔ] |
dye
|
| dʑ
|
ဂျင် [dʑɪ̀ɰ̃] |
Jew
|
| ð
|
အညာသား [ʔəɲàðá] |
this
|
| ɡ
|
ဂုဏ် [ɡòʊɰ̃] |
gate
|
| h
|
ဟုတ် [hoʊʔ] |
hone
|
| j
|
ယား [já] |
yield
|
| k
|
ကုန် [kòʊɰ̃] |
skate[1]
|
| kʰ
|
ခုန် [kʰòʊɰ̃] |
Kate[2]
|
| l
|
လုပ် [loʊʔ] |
lay
|
| l̥
|
လှုပ် [l̥oʊʔ] |
play; like /l/ but voiceless
|
| m
|
မတ် [maʔ] |
much
|
| m̥
|
မှတ် [m̥aʔ] |
None; like /m/ but voiceless
|
| n
|
နမ်း [náɰ̃] |
not
|
| n̥
|
နှမ်း [n̥áɰ̃] |
None; like /n/ but voiceless
|
| ɰ̃ or ɴ
|
ခံ [kʰàɰ̃] |
Nasalization of preceding vowel[3]
|
| ɲ
|
ညစ် [ɲɪʔ] |
canyon
|
| ɲ̥
|
ညှစ် [ɲ̥ɪʔ] |
None; like /ɲ/, but voiceless
|
| ŋ
|
ငါး [ŋá] |
sing
|
| ŋ̊
|
ငှါး [ŋ̊á] |
None; like /ŋ/, but voiceless
|
| p
|
ပဲ [pɛ́] |
spat[1]
|
| pʰ
|
ဖဲ [pʰɛ́] |
pat[2]
|
| ɹ
|
တိရစ္ဆာန် [təɹeɪʔsʰàɰ̃][4] |
rock
|
| s
|
စာ [sà] |
gas
|
| sʰ
|
ဆာ [sʰà] |
grass hut[2]
|
| ʃ
|
ရှာ [ʃà] |
shoe
|
| t
|
တတ် [taʔ] |
sty[1]
|
| tʰ
|
ထပ် [tʰaʔ] |
tie[2]
|
| tɕ
|
ကြဉ် [tɕɪ̀ɰ̃] |
itch[1]
|
| tɕʰ
|
ချင် [tɕʰɪ̀ɰ̃] |
chew[2]
|
| θ
|
သတ် [θaʔ] |
thin
|
| w
|
ဝါး [wá] |
wield
|
| ʍ
|
လက်ဝှေ့ [lɛʔʍḛ] |
what in some conservative dialects; voiceless /w/
|
| z
|
ဇာ [zà] |
zoo
|
| ʔ
|
အုတ် [ʔoʊʔ] |
uh-oh, Cockney bottle
|
|
| Vowels
|
| IPA |
Burmese example |
English approximation
|
| a
|
နား [ná] |
father
|
| aɪ
|
နိုင် [nàɪɰ̃] |
might
|
| aʊ
|
နောက် [naʊʔ] |
mouth[5]
|
| e
|
နေ [nè] |
Scottish English mate
|
| eɪ
|
နိပ် [neɪʔ] |
may[5]
|
| ɛ
|
နယ် [nɛ̀] |
met
|
| ə
|
ခလုတ် [kʰəloʊʔ] |
comma
|
| i
|
နီး [ní] |
meet
|
| ɪ
|
နင်း [nɪ́ɰ̃] |
mit[5]
|
| o
|
နို့ [no̰] |
Scottish English note
|
| oʊ
|
နုန်း [nóʊɰ̃] |
mow[5]
|
| ɔ
|
နော် [nɔ̀] |
off
|
| u
|
နှူး [n̥ú] |
moot
|
| ʊ
|
နွမ်း [nʊ́ɰ̃] |
foot[5]
|
|
|
| Tones
|
| IPA |
Burmese examples |
Explanation
|
| `
|
ငါ [ŋà] |
Normal phonation, medium duration, low intensity, low (often slightly rising) pitch
|
| ´
|
ငါး [ŋá] |
Sometimes slightly breathy, relatively long, high intensity, high pitch; often with a fall before a pause
|
| ˷
|
ငါ့ [ŋa̰] |
Tense or creaky phonation (sometimes with lax glottal stop), medium duration, high intensity, high (often slightly falling) pitch
|
|
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Unaspirated, like /p t k/ etc. in Romance or Slavic languages.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Heavily aspirated.
- ↑ The vowel before the /ɰ̃/ is always nasalized, and if a consonant follows /ɰ̃/, then the /ɰ̃/ becomes homorganic with the following consonant. Both ⟨ɰ̃⟩ and ⟨ɴ⟩ can be found in Wikipedia transcriptions, though the latter is deprecated. See here for more details.
- ↑ A marginal consonant in Burmese, /ɹ/ occurs only in foreign words, and even there is often replaced by /j/ or /l/.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 The sounds [aʊ], [eɪ], [ɪ], [oʊ], and [ʊ] are allophones of /ɔ/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ respectively, occurring in closed syllables, i.e. before /ɰ̃/ and /ʔ/.
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| Comparisons | |
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| Introductory guides | |
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 | Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese. Read more |
