Help:IPA/Punjabi

Short description: Wikipedia key to pronunciation

The charts below show the way (both in Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi scripts) in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Punjabi and Dogri pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-pa}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

IPA		Consonant
Gurmukhi	Shahmukhi	Gurmukhi letter	Shahmukhi letter	Examples			English equivalent
				Gurmukhi	Transliteration	Shahmukhi
b		ਬ, ਭ	ب، بھ				abash
d		ਦ, ਧ	د، دھ				ado
ɖ		ਡ, ਢ	ڈ، ڈھ				somewhat like guard
dʒ		ਜ, ਝ	ج، جھ				hedge
pʰ, f	f	ਫ਼	ف				food
ɡ		ਗ, ਘ	گ، گھ	ਘਰ		گھر	gate
ɦ		ਹ	ہ				ahead
j		ਯ	ی				yak
k		ਕ, ਘ	ک، گھ				scan
kʰ		ਖ	کھ				can
l		ਲ	ل				leaf
ɭ		ਲ਼ (mainly ਲ)	ࣇ (mainly ل)	ਨਾਲ਼		ناࣇ	roughly girl
m		ਮ	م				much
n		ਨ	ن				not
ɳ		ਣ	ݨ (mainly ن)	ਗਾਣਾ		گاݨا	somewhat like burner
ŋ		ਙ	ن٘ (mainly ن)	ਰੰਗ		رن٘گ	bank, sing
p		ਪ, ਭ	پ، بھ				span
pʰ		ਫ	پھ				pan
k	q	ਕ਼ (mainly ਕ)	ق	ਕ਼ਲਮ		قلم	a k pronounced like a g, in the back of the throat
ɾ		ਰ	ر	ਰਾਤਾਂ		راتاں	US: better
ɽ		ੜ	ڑ				somewhat like US: larder
s		ਸ	س				sue
ʃ		ਸ਼	ش				shoe
t		ਤ, ਧ	ت، دھ				stable
tʰ		ਥ	تھ				table
ʈ		ਟ, ਢ	ٹ، ڈھ	ਢੂੰਡ		ڈھونڈ	somewhat like art
ʈʰ		ਠ	ٹھ				somewhat like table
tʃ		ਚ, ਝ	چ، جھ	ਚਲ		چل	archer
tʃʰ		ਛ	چھ	ਛੋਟਾ		چھوٹا	catch
ʋ		ਵ	و	ਵੇਗ		ویگ	somewhat like very
kʰ	x	ਖ਼ (mainly ਖ)	خ	ਖ਼ਾਲੀ		خالی	Scottish loch
g	ɣ	ਗ਼ (mainly ਗ)	غ	ਬਗ਼ੈਰ		بغیر	somewhat like ch in Scottish ‘loch’ or French ‘r’
dʒ, z	z	ਜ਼	ز	ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ		زندگی	zen

Vowels
IPA	Gurmukhi				Shahmukhi						English equivalent
	Initial	Final	Example				Final		Medial	Initial
aː	ਆ	ਾ	'ਨਾਂ'	'Nā̃' ('Name')		‘ناں’	ـا			آ	bra
eː	ਏ	ੇ	‘ਤੇਰਾ’	‘Tērā’ (‘Yours’)		‘تیرا’	ے		ـیـ	ایـ	play
ɛː	ਐ	ੈ	‘ਮੈੰ’	‘Mɛ̃’ (‘Me’)		‘مَیں’	ـے◌َ		ـیـ◌َ	اَیـ	yell
ə	ਅ		‘ਅਸੀਂ’	‘Asĩ’ (‘Us’)		‘اَسِیں’	ـہ	ـا	ـ◌َـ	اَ	nut
iː	ਈ	ੀ					ـی		ـیـ◌ِ	اِیـ	feet
ɪ	ਇ	ਿ	‘ਨਿੱਕਾ’	‘Nikka’ (‘Tiny’)		‘نِکّا’	ـی		ـ◌ِـ	اِ	bin
oː	ਓ	ੋ	‘ਮੋਟਾ’	‘Mōtā’ (‘Fat’)		‘موٹا’	و			او	old
ɔː	ਔ	ੌ	‘ਸੌ’	‘Sau’ (‘Hundred’)		‘سَو’	ـو◌َ			اَو	dog
uː	ਊ	ੂ	‘ਪੂਰਾ’	‘Pūra’ (‘Complete’)		‘پُورا’	ـو◌ُ			اُو	loot
ʊ	ਉ	ੁ	‘ਮੁੱਕਾ’	‘Mukka’ (‘Punch’)		‘مُکّا’	ـو		ـ◌ُـ	اُ	look
◌ ̃	ੰ, ਂ		‘ਮਹਿੰਗਾ’	‘Mengā’ (‘Expensive’)		‘مہن٘گا’	ں		ـن٘ـ		Nasalised vowels e.g. ([ãː], [õː], etc.)

Suprasegmentals
IPA	Gurmukhi	Shahmukhi
ˈ			stress (placed before stressed syllable)
ː	ੱ	◌ّ	doubled consonant
í ì...			tone (placed over vowel)