Help:IPA/Korean
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Short description: Wikipedia key to pronunciation
 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Korean on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Korean in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or its value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Korean language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. It is based on the standard dialect of South Korea and may not represent some of the sounds in the North Korean dialect or in other dialects. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-ko}}, {{IPAc-ko}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Korean phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Korean.
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Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 The plain stops and affricate /p t tɕ k/ and the fricatives /h s/ are voiced to [b d dʑ ɡ ɦ z] respectively between voiced sounds.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 [ts ts͈ tsʰ dz] occur before back vowels.
- ↑ /j/ cannot be spelled by itself, but by doubling the short line on the vowel which it phonetically precedes.
- ↑ ㅋ is [k] and RR k at the end of a syllable.
- ↑ ㄹ is [l] at the end of a syllable. ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [lː].
- ↑ ㅂ is [m] before /n/ or /m/.
- ↑ ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word. ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before /n/ or /m/.
- ↑ ㅇ is [ŋ] at the end of a syllable. ㄱ is [ŋ] before /n/, /m/, or /ɾ/.
- ↑ ㅍ is [p] and RR p at the end of a syllable.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 [ɕ ɕ͈] are the allophones of /s s͈/ before /i/ and /j/.
- ↑ ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ are [t] and RR t at the end of a syllable.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 /w/ is spelled ㅜ before /ʌ/, /e/, /i/ (the latter combination producing /y/~[ɥi]), ㅗ before /ɛ/, /a/; ㅚ /ø/ can also be pronounced [we].
- ↑ [ʑ] is the allophone of /z/ before /i/ and /j/.
- ↑ In Standard Korean vowel length is contrastive, but this has mostly been lost in the spoken language.
- ↑ Resulting from various sequences of consonants (and their relative transcriptions) in regressive assimilation.
References
- Heo, Yong (2013). "An analysis and interpretation of Korean vowel systems". Acta Koreana 16 (1): 23–43.
- Lee, Hyun-bok (1999). "An IPA Illustration of Korean". Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. p. 120–123.
- Lee, Hyun-bok (2002). INTERSPEECH-2002. http://www.itfind.or.kr/Report/200201/IITA/IITA-0114-003/IITA-0114-003.pdf.
- Lee, Hyun-bok (2004). "In search of a universal phonetic alphabet – theory and application of an organic visible speech". INTERSPEECH-2004. http://www.isca-speech.org/archive/archive_papers/interspeech_2004/i04_P3.pdf.
- Shin, J. (2015). Vowels and Consonants. In L. Brown & J. Yeon (Eds.). The Handbook of Korean Linguistics (pp. 36–21). Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
- Shin, J., Kiaer, J., & Cha, J. (2012). The Sounds of Korean. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Sohn, Ho-min (2001). The Korean Language. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521369436.
External links
- Hangul–IPA Converter at Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of Pusan National University
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