Astronomy:List of private spaceflight companies

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Private spaceflight companies include non-governmental or privately-owned entities focused on developing and/or offering equipment and services geared towards spaceflight, both robotic and human. This list includes both inactive and active entities.

List of abbreviations used in this article

LEO: Low Earth orbit
GTO: Geostationary transfer orbit
HCO: Heliocentric orbit
VTOL: Vertical take-off and landing
SSTO: Single-stage-to-orbit
TSTO: Two-stage-to-orbit
SSTSO: Single-stage-to-sub-orbit

Commercial astronauts

  • Association of Spaceflight Professionals[1][2] — Astronaut training, applied research and development, payload testing and integration, mission planning and operations support (Christopher Altman, Soyeon Yi)[1][3]

Manufacturers of space vehicles

Main page: Astronomy:List of spacecraft manufacturers

Cargo transport vehicles

Company name Spacecraft Launch system Length (m) Dry mass (kg) Launch mass (kg) Payload (kg) Payload volume (m3) Return payload (kg) Diameter (m) Generated power (W) Automated docking Status
SpaceX Dragon Falcon 9 Block 5 6.1 4,200[4] 10,200 6,000[5] pressurized or unpressurized, in any mixture[6] 10.0 (pressurized), plus 14 (unpressurized), or 34 (unpressurized with extended trunk)[7] 3,000 capsule return[8] 3.7 2,000[9] No Retired (21/22)
Dragon 2 Falcon 9 Block 5 8.1 6,400 6,000[5] 10.0 (pressurized), plus 14 (unpressurized) 3,000[5] 3.7 Yes Operational (8/8)
Orbital Cygnus (standard) Antares 110 5.14 1,500[10] 2,000[10] 18.9[10] None 3.07 3,500[11] No Retired (3/4)
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems Cygnus (enhanced) Antares 230
Atlas V 401
Falcon 9 Block 5 		6.34 1,800[12] 3,500[12] 27[12] None 3.07 No Operational (15/15)
Sierra Nevada Corporation Dream Chaser Cargo System Atlas V
Vulcan[13] 		5,000 pressurized, 500 unpressurized[14] 1,750[14] Yes Development
Planned: 2023

Crew transport vehicles

Orbital

Company name Spacecraft Range Launch
system 		Crew
size 		Length (m) Diameter (m) Launch mass (kg) Power
system 		Generated
power (W) 		First
spaceflight* 		Status
Blue Origin Biconic Space Vehicle LEO New Glenn Planned date not known Development
Boeing CST-100 Starliner LEO Multiple, initially Atlas V 7[15] 5.03[16] 4.56[16] Solar panels Planned: First Crewed 2023
(First Uncrewed: 20 December 2019, Second Uncrewed: 19 May 2022) 		Testing

(2/3)

Sierra Nevada Corporation Dream Chaser Space System LEO Multiple, initially Vulcan Centaur 7[17][18] 9[19] 11,300[20] 2026[21] Development
SpaceX Dragon 2 LEO Falcon 9 Block 5 7[note 1] 8.1[22] 3.7[23] Solar Crewed: May 30, 2020
(Uncrewed: 2 March 2019) 		Operational (11/11)
Starship Mars[24][note 2] Super Heavy <=100 50[24] 9[24][note 3] 1,335,000[24] Solar panels Planned: First Crewed date not known (First Uncrewed: 20 April 2023) Testing

(0/2)

* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures
  1. ↑ Number of seats will be 4 for crew member rotations for the ISS
  2. ↑ Although designed to be capable of flying to anywhere in the solar system, this vehicle's intended maximum range is Mars
  3. ↑ Plus fins/legs

Suborbital

Company name Spacecraft Range Launch
system 		Crew
size 		Length (m) Diameter (m) Launch mass (kg) First
spaceflight* 		Status
Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne 100 km (62 mi) White Knight 1 8.53 8.05 3,600 21 June 2004 Retired (3/3)[note 1]
Blue Origin New Shepard Crew Capsule 114 km (71 mi) (capsule, using the launch escape system motor) New Shepard 6 3.6 Crewed: July 20, 2021

(Uncrewed: April 29, 2015)

Operational (8/8)
The Spaceship Company SpaceShipTwo 110 km (68 mi) White Knight Two 8 (2 Pilots, 6 Passengers) 18.3 8.3 9,740 13 December 2018 Testing (10/11)[note 2]
Copenhagen Suborbitals[note 3] Tycho Deep Space 105 km (65 mi)
 Spica 1 13 0.955 4,000 Planned date not known Development
PD AeroSpace (Unknown) 110 km (68 mi)[25] (Unknown) 8 (6 passengers, 2 pilots) 14.8[26] >6,000 Planned date not known Development
World View Explorer Capsule 30 km (19 mi) Stratospheric Balloon 10 (8 passengers, 1 pilot, 1 concierge) 5.5 4,500 Planned 2024 Development
* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures
  1. ↑ Does not include crewed atmospheric flights
  2. ↑ Does not include powered flights not intended to reach space
  3. ↑ Denmark's amateur human space program.

Launch vehicle manufacturers

Further information: Engineering:List of orbital launch systems
Company name Launcher
name 		Launcher
type 		No. of
stages 		Maximum
reach 		Launcher
status 		Maiden
flight 		Ref
ABL Space Systems RS1 Light rocket 2 LEO Operational (0/1) 10 January 2023 [27]
Agnikul Cosmos Agnibaan Light rocket 2 LEO Development Unknown
ARCA Space Haas 2b Suborbital crewed rocket 1 Suborbital Cancelled — [28]
Haas 2CA Light rocket 1 LEO Cancelled — [29]
Super Haas Medium rocket 2 LEO Proposed Unknown [30]
EcoRocket Demonstrator Reusable light rocket 3 LEO Development 2022 (planned) [31]
EcoRocket Heavy Heavy rocket 3 Deep space Proposed Unknown [31]
Australian Space Research Institute AUSROC Nano Light rocket 2 LEO Development Unknown [32]
Astra Space Astra Rocket 1 Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Retired (0/1) 2018 [33][34][35]
Astra Rocket 2 Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Retired (0/1) 2018 [36]
Astra Rocket 3 Light rocket 2 LEO Retired (2/5) 2020 [37][38]
Astra Rocket 4 Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2023 (planned) [39][40]
SALVO Light rocket 2 LEO Cancelled — [41][42][43]
Bellatrix Aerospace Chetak Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2023 (planned)
Blue Origin New Shepard Reusable suborbital rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (22/23) 2015
New Glenn Reusable heavy rocket 2 or 3 GTO Development 2023 (planned) [44][45][46]
New Armstrong Reusable super-heavy rocket 3 HCO Proposed ~2030 (proposed)
BluShift Aerospace Stardust Reusable sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (1/1) 2020
Starless Rogue Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Development Unknown
Brown Dwarf Sounding rocket 2 or 3 Suborbital Cancelled —
Red Dwarf Light rocket 3 LEO Development Q2 2024 (planned)
Borneo SubOrbitals TBA Sounding rocket 2 or 3 Suborbital Development 2022 (planned) [47][48][49]
Canadian Arrow Canadian Arrow Suborbital crewed rocket 2 Suborbital Cancelled — [50]
CubeCab Cab-3A Light rocket 3 + airplane LEO Proposed Unknown [51][52]
Datiotec Aeroespacial / INMEU A.C. JFCR.2000-Pollux Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Development Unknown [53][54]
Evolution Space Gold Chain Cowboy Sounding Rocket 1 Suborbital Development 2023 [55][56]
Exos Aerospace SARGE Reusable sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (3/4) 2018 [57][58]
Exela Space Industries Aims-1 Sounding Rocket 1 Suborbital Cancelled — [59]
Equatorial Space Systems Volans Light Rocket 3 LEO Development Unknown [60]
Dorado Sounding Rocket 1 or 2 Suborbital Development 2023 (planned) [61]
LAD Sounding Rocket 1 Suborbital Retired (1/1) 2020 [62]
Firefly Aerospace Firefly Alpha Light rocket 2 LEO Operational (1/2) 2021 [63]
Firefly MLV Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2025 (planned) [64]
General Astronautics Urania Medium rocket 3 LEO Cancelled — [65][66]
Gilmour Space Technologies RASTA Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Retired (1/1) 2016 [67]
Eris Light rocket 3 LEO Development April 2023 (Planned) [67]
Generation Orbit X-60A (GOLauncher 1) Air-launched sounding rocket 1 + airplane Suborbital Development Unknown [68][69]
GOLauncher 2 Air-launch-to-orbit 2 + airplane LEO Development Unknown
Independence-X Aerospace DNLV (Dedicated Nano Launch Vehicle) Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2023 (planned) [70][71]
Interorbital Systems NEPTUNE N series Light rocket 3–4 LEO Development Unknown [72][73]
NEPTUNE N36 Light rocket 4 TLI Proposed Unknown [72][73]
Neptune TSAAHTO Medium rocket 2½ TLI Proposed Unknown [72]
Interstellar Technologies Momo Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (3/7) 2017 [74][75]
Isar Aerospace Spectrum Light rocket 2 LEO Development H2 2023 (planned) [76]
Launcher Light Light rocket 2 LEO Cancelled — [77]
Leaf Space Primo Light rocket 2 LEO Proposed Unknown [78][79]
Lin Industrial Taymyr Light rocket 3 LEO Development Unknown [80][81]
Lockheed Martin VentureStar Reusable spaceplane 1 LEO Cancelled — [82]
Athena Medium rocket 2 or 3 TLI Retired (5/7) 1995
Mishaal Aerospace M-SV Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Development Unknown [83][84][85]
M-OV Light rocket 1 + 6 Boosters LEO Development Unknown [83][84][86]
M-LV Light rocket 1 + 8 boosters TLI Development Unknown [83][84][87]
OneSpace OS-X Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Operational (2/2) 2018 [88]
OS-M1 Light rocket 3 LEO Operational (0/1) 2019 [89]
OS-M2 Light rocket 3 + 2 boosters LEO Development Unknown [90]
OS-M4 Light rocket 3 + 4 boosters LEO Development Unknown [91]
Orbex Prime Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2023 (planned) [92]
OrbitX Haribon SLS-1 Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2023–2024 (planned)
Outerstellar Space Crocoship Medium rocket 1 LEO Development 2040 (planned) [93]
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems Antares Medium rocket 3 LEO Operational (15/16) 2013 [94]
Minotaur-C, formerly Taurus Light rocket 4 LEO Operational (7/10) 1994 [95][96][97]
Pegasus Air-launch-to-orbit 3-4 + airplane HEO Operational (40/45) 1990
Omega Medium rocket 3 + 0-6 boosters GEO Cancelled (Was planned for 2021) [98]
Orbital Transport & Raketen AG OTRAG Medium rocket variable LEO (designed)
Suborbital (achieved) 		Retired (15/18) 1977 [99]
Perigee Aerospace Blue Whale 1 Light rocket 2 LEO Development Unknown [100][101]
PLD Space Miura 1 Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (1/1) 6 October 2023 [102][103][104][105] [106]
Miura 5 Light rocket 3 LEO Development 2024 (planned) [105]
Relativity Space Terran 1 Light rocket 2 LEO Retired (0/1) 23 March 2023
Terran R Reusable medium rocket 2 Deep space Development 2024 (planned) [107]
Rocket Crafters Intrepid-1 Light rocket 2 LEO Development Unknown [108][109]
Rocket Lab Ātea-1 Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Retired (1/1) 2009 [110][111]
Ātea-2 Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Cancelled — [112]
Electron Reusable light rocket 2 TLI Operational (34/37) 2017 [113]
Neutron Medium rocket 2 GTO Development 2024 (planned) [114][115]
RocketStar Star-Lord Light rocket 2 LEO Development Unknown [116]
Rocket Factory Augsburg RFA One Light rocket 3 LEO Development 2023 (planned) [117][118][76]
Skyroot Aerospace Vikram S Sounding rocket 3 LEO Operational 2022 November 18 [119]
Vikram-II Light rocket 3 LEO Development Unknown
Vikram-III Light rocket 3 LEO Development Unknown
Skyrora Skyrora 1 Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Development Unknown [120][121][122]
Skylark Micro Sounding rocket 2 Suborbital Operational (1/1) 2021 [123]
Skylark L Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Development 2022 (planned) [124][125]
Skyrora XL Light rocket 3 LEO Development 2023 (planned) [126][127][128][129]
SpaceForest Bigos Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (5/5) 2015 [130]
Candle-2 Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (1/1) 2016 [131][132][133]
Perun Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (1/1) 2020[134] [135]
SIR (Suborbital Inexpensive Rocket) Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Development 2022 (planned) [130][136]
Space Services Inc. Percheron Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Cancelled — [137]
Conestoga 1620 Medium rocket 4 LEO (designed)
Suborbital (achieved) 		Retired (0/1) 1995 [137]
SpaceLS Prometheus-1 Light rocket 2 LEO Development Unknown [138][139]
Space Pioneer Tiansuo-1 Vertical landing test stage 1 Suborbital Development Unknown [140]
Tianlong-1 Light rocket LEO Development Unknown [140]
SpaceX Falcon 1 Light rocket 2 LEO Retired (2/5) 2006 [141]
Falcon 1e Light rocket 2 LEO Cancelled — [141]
Falcon 5 Medium rocket 2 GTO Cancelled — [142]
Falcon 9 v1.0 Medium rocket 2 GTO (designed)
LEO (achieved) 		Retired (5/5) 2010 [143]
Falcon 9 v1.1 Medium rocket 2 HCO Retired (14/15) 2013 [143]
Falcon 9 Full Thrust
Block 1-4 		Reusable medium rocket /
Heavy rocket (expendable) 		2 TMI[144] Retired (36/36) 2015 [143]
Falcon 9 Block 5 Reusable medium rocket /
Heavy rocket (expendable) 		2 TMI[144] Operational (57/57) 2018 [145][146]
Falcon Heavy Reusable heavy rocket /
Super-heavy rocket (expendable) 		2 + 2 boosters Deep space (Pluto)[147] Operational (3/3) 2018 [143][148]
Starship Super-Heavy Reusable super-heavy rocket 2 Deep space Testing (0/2) 2023
Stoke Space Nova Reusable light rocket 2 LEO Development Unknown [149]
Success Rockets Nebo 1 Ultralight rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (1/1) December 2021 [150]
Stalker Ultralight rocket 2 LEO Development 2024 [151]
United Launch Alliance Atlas V Medium rocket 2 + 0-5 boosters TMI Operational (96/97) 2002 [152]
Delta II 6000 Medium rocket 2-3 + 9 boosters GTO Retired (17/17) 1989 [153]
Delta II 7000 Light rocket 2-3 + 3, 4 or 9 boosters GTO Retired (130/132) 1990 [153]
Delta II 7000H Medium rocket 2-3 + 9 boosters TMI Retired (6/6) 2003 [153]
Delta IV Medium rocket 2 + 0, 2 or 4 boosters GTO Retired (29/29) 2003 [154]
Delta IV Heavy Heavy rocket 2 + 2 boosters GTO Operational (13/14) 2004 [155]
Vulcan Heavy rocket 2 + 0-6 boosters GTO Operational (1/1) 2024 [156][157]
UP Aerospace Skyloft/Skyloft XL Sounding rocket 1 Suborbital Operational (18/19) 2006
Spyder Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2023
Vector Launch Vector-R Light rocket 2 LEO Development 2023 (2 prototype launches in 2017)
Vector-RE1 Light rocket 2 or 3 LEO Cancelled —
Vector-H Light rocket 2 LEO Cancelled —
Vector-HE1 Light rocket 2 or 3 LEO Cancelled —
Virgin Orbit LauncherOne Air-launch-to-orbit 2 + airplane LEO Retired (4/6) 2020 (First successful attempt Jan 2021) [158]
X-Bow Systems Bolt Light rocket 1 LEO Development July 2022 [159][160]
Zero2infinity Bloostar Rockoon system (high-altitude balloon and space launcher) 3 + high-altitude balloon LEO Development Unknown [161]

Landers, rovers and orbiters

Company name Craft name Craft type Craft status Ref
ARCASPACE ELE (European Lunar Explorer) lunar orbiter Development [162]
Astrobotic Technology Red Rover lunar rover Development [163]
Griffin (previously Artemis Lander) lunar lander Development [164]
Peregrine Lander lunar lander Retired [165][166]
Blue Origin Blue Moon lunar lander Development
Integrated Lander Vehicle crewed lunar lander Development
Dynetics Dynetics HLS lunar lander Development
Euroluna ROMIT lunar rover Cancelled [167]
Golden Spike Company
(defunct) 		unnamed crewed lunar lander Cancelled [168]
Hakuto Sorato lunar rover Development [169][170]
Tetris lunar rover Cancelled [171]
Independence-X Aerospace SQUALL (Scientific Quest Unmanned Autonomous Lunar Lander) lunar lander Cancelled [172]
Interorbital Systems RIPPER (Robotic InterPlanetary Prospector Excavator Retriever) lunar lander Development [173]
Intuitive Machines Nova-C lander, and Universal Reentry Vehicle (URV)[174] lunar lander; reusable orbital vehicle Development [175]
Lunar Mission One unnamed lunar lander Proposed (2014) [176]
Masten Space Systems XEUS lunar lander Negotiating [164]
Masten Space Systems XL-1 lunar lander Development [177]
Moon Express MX-1 lunar lander Testing [164][178]
Odyssey Moon MoonOne (M-1) lunar rover Cancelled [179]
Omega Envoy Sagan lunar rover Cancelled [180]
OrbitBeyond Z-01 lunar landers and rovers Proposed (2018) [181][182]
PTScientists Audi Lunar quattro lunar rover Testing [183]
PTScientists ALINA (Autonomous Landing and Navigation Module) lunar lander Development [184]
Puli Space Technologies Puli lunar rover Fundraising [185]
Roscosmos Luna 25 lunar lander Crashed [186]
SpaceX Starship crewed mars lander Development
Starship HLS crewed lunar lander Development
Team FREDNET Picorover lunar rover Cancelled [187]
Team Italia AMALIA (Ascensio Machinae Ad Lunam Italica Arte) lunar rover Cancelled [188]
Team Indus HHK-1 lunar lander Development
Team Indus ECA lunar rover Development
TransOrbital TrailBlazer lunar orbiter Cancelled [189]
Team Plan B Plan B lunar rover Cancelled
Spacebit Asagumo lunar rover Testing [190][191]
Space IL Beresheet lunar lander Crashed upon landing
Space Explration Corp Defiant lunar lander Cancelled [192]
Synergy Moon Tesla lunar rover Development [193]

Research craft and tech demonstrators

Further information: Engineering:List of sounding rockets
Company name Craft name Craft purpose Craft status Ref
ARCA Demonstrator 2b demonstrate reusable monopropellant engine Retired
Armadillo Aerospace Quad demonstrate VTOL Retired
ASRI AUSROC I systems Testing Retired
AUSROC II payload to 10 km Retired
AUSROC 2.5 systems Testing Testing
AUSROC III payload of 150 kg to 500 km Development
Blue Origin Goddard demonstrate VTOL Retired
Deep Blue Aerospace Nebula-1 demonstrate VTOL Development [194]
Evolution Space Gold Chain Cowboy systems testing, payload to 124 km Development [195]
Interorbital Systems Neutrino systems Testing Operational
Tachyon systems Testing Operational [196]
Lockheed Martin X-33 demonstrate SSTO Cancelled
Masten Space Systems XA-0.1 demonstrate VTOL Retired
XA-0.1B Lunar Lander Challenge Level 1 Operational
XA-0.1E Lunar Lander Challenge Level 2, commercial precursor flights Retired (12 flights)
XA-0.1E2 commercial flights Destroyed (115 flights)
XA-0.1E4 commercial flights Retired (75 flights)
XA-0.1E5 commercial flights Operational
XL-1T terrestrial test bed for the XL-1 lunar lander Development
Xeus commercial flights Cancelled
McDonnell Douglas DC-X demonstrate VTOL Retired (11 test flights)
Origin Space Yang Wang-1 space mineral resources developer Development [197]
Rotary Rocket Roton ATV demonstrate VTOL Retired (3 test flights)
Space Services Inc. Conestoga I systems Testing Retired (1 test) [137]
SpaceX Grasshopper demonstrate VTOL Retired (8 tests) [198]
F9R Dev1 refine VTOL (low altitude) Destroyed (5 flights) [199]
F9R Dev2 refine VTOL (high altitude) Cancelled
Starhopper demonstrate VTOL Retired (4 test flights)
Starship prototypes demonstrate VTOL Retired (7 test flight)
Swedish Space Corp. Maxus payload to 700 km Operational
Maser payload to 300 km Operational
UP Aerospace SpaceLoft XL payload to 140 km Operational [200]
World View Enterprises Stratollite payload up to 30 km and 300 kg Operational [201][202]
zero2infinity nanobloon 1.0 payload to 32 km Operational [203]
nanobloon 2.0 payload to 33 km Operational
microbloon 1.0 payload to 24 km Operational
microbloon 2.0 payload to 31 km Operational
microbloon 3.0 payload to 27 km Operational

Propulsion manufacturers

Company name Engine Engine type Applications Status Ref
Accion Systems Inc. MAX-1, TILE electrospray ion small satellite/CubeSat Development [204][205]
Ad Astra Rocket Company VASIMR plasma propulsion space tug/orbital transfer vehicle Development [206]
ARCA Executor LOX/RP-1 IAR 111, Haas 2, Haas 2b, Super Haas Development
ArianeGroup Vulcain LH2/LOX Ariane 5/Ariane 6 Main stage Operational
Blue Origin BE-3 LH2/LOX New Shepard Operational
BE-4 LOX/CH4 Vulcan, New Glenn Testing
CU Aerospace PUC microcavity discharge small satellite/CubeSat Development [207][208]
CHIPS resistojet small satellite/CubeSat Development [208][209]
PPT-11 pulsed plasma small satellite/CubeSat Development [210][211]
Exo Terra Resource Halo Hall effect small satellite/CubeSat Development [212]
Firefly Aerospace Reaver LOX/RP-1 Firefly Alpha first stage Operational
Miranda LOX/RP-1 Firefly MLV first stage Development [64]
Reaction Engines Ltd. SABRE hybrid air-breathing/chemical Skylon Development [213]
Rocket Lab Rutherford LOX/RP-1 Electron first stage Operational
Rutherford Vacuum LOX/RP-1 Electron second stage Operational
Archimedes LOX/CH4 Neutron first stage Development [214]
Sierra Space VR35K-A LH2/LOX Upper Stage Development [215][216]
SpaceDev RocketMotorOne hybrid SpaceShipOne Retired [217]
SpaceX Kestrel LOX/RP-1 Falcon 1 second stage Retired
Merlin LOX/RP-1 Falcon 1, Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy first stage/boosters Operational [218][219][147]
Merlin Vacuum LOX/RP-1 Falcon 9 second stage, Falcon Heavy second stage Operational [219][147]
Raptor LOX/CH4 SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure, Starship, Starship HLS Operational [220]
Virgin Galactic RocketMotorTwo hybrid SpaceShipTwo Operational
Ursa Major Technologies Hadley Jet-A/LOX Hypersonics, Boost Stage, Upper Stage Development [221][222]

Satellite launchers

Company Launch vehicles Notes Refs
Arianespace Ariane, Vega Minority owned by some EU states
Astra Space Rocket 3, Rocket 4 Rocket 3 retired in August 2022 [40]
Firefly Aerospace Firefly Alpha, Firefly MLV
IHI Corporation Epsilon Some R&D by JAXA
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries H-IIA R&D done by JAXA. [223]
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems Antares, Minotaur Own launchers, funded by NASA
Rocket Lab Neutron, Electron
SpaceX Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy
Sea Launch Zenit Owned by S7 Airlines
United Launch Alliance Atlas V, Delta IV Heavy 50% owned by Lockheed Martin, 50% Boeing
Vaya Space Dauntless [224]

Space-based economy

Space manufacturing

Company name Products Manufacturing craft Status Ref
Shackleton Energy Company propellant, space infrastructure, propellant depot Unknown Defunct (2020) [225]
Made In Space 3D printing in ISS, in-space antenna systems, fiber optics Unknown Operational (2018) [226]
Varda Space Industries building products in space and bringing them back to earth (ex: ZBLAN, 3d printed organs) Unknown Operational (2021) [227]
Deep Space Industries propellant, communications platforms, space solar power satellites MicroGravity Foundry Defunct (2020) [228]
Cosmic Shielding Corporation Space Materials; Multifunctional polymers for spacecraft and habitat structural and shielding components Unknown Operational (2021) [229][230]

Space mining

Company name Body to be mined Mining craft Mining status Ref
AstroForge Near-Earth asteroids Brokrr-1, Odin Development [231]
Deep Space Industries Near-Earth asteroids Prospector-1, Harvestor 1 Defunct (2019) [232][233]
ispace Moon Hakuto-R Development [234][235]
Moon Express Moon MX-1, MX-2, MX-5, MX-9 Development [236]
Planetary Resources Near-Earth asteroids Arkyd Series 100, 200, 300 Cancelled [237]
Shackleton Energy Company Moon TBD Defunct (2020) [225]

Space stations

Private Company name Space Craft name Space Craft type Internal
volume 		Passenger
capacity 		Craft status Orbit Around Ref
Axiom Space Axiom International Commercial Space Station Rigid Module 8[238] Development (2016) Earth [239][240]
Bigelow Aerospace Genesis I subscale test spacecraft Inflatable module 11.5 m3 (406 cu ft)[241] Uncrewed Derelict, on orbit[242] Earth [243]
Genesis II subscale test spacecraft Inflatable module 11.5 m3 (406 cu ft)[244] Uncrewed Derelict, on orbit[242] Earth [245]
Galaxy Inflatable module 16.7 m3 (590 cu ft)[246] Uncrewed Cancelled Earth [247]
Sundancer Inflatable module 180 m3 (6,357 cu ft) 3 Cancelled Earth [248]
BA 330 Inflatable module 330 m3 (11,654 cu ft) 6 Cancelled[249] Earth [250][251][252]
BA 2100 Inflatable module 2,100 m3 (74,161 cu ft) 16 Cancelled[249] Earth [253]
Space Complex Alpha Inflatable space station 690 m3 (24,367 cu ft) 12 Cancelled Earth
Excalibur Almaz Almaz derivative Rigid module 3 Cancelled Earth [254][255][256]
Galactic Suite Ltd. Galactic Suite Rigid module 6 Proposed (2007) Earth [257]
Orion Span Aurora Space Station Rigid module 160 m3 (5,650 cu ft) 6 (2 Crew, 4 Tourists) Proposed (2018) Earth [258][259]
Sierra Nevada Corporation Large Inflatable Fabric Environment Inflatable module 300 m3 (10,594 cu ft) 4 Testing Moon/Mars [260]
Blue Origin Orbital Reef Rigid module 830 m3 (29,311 cu ft)[261] TBA Proposed (2021) Earth [262]

Space settlement

Company name Colony location Status Ref
SpaceX Mars Development [263][264][265]

Spacecraft component developers and manufacturers

Company Products Refs
Altius Space Machines Rendezvous and capture technology for uncooperative satellites; magnetoshell aerocapture and aerobraking technology for CubeSats; lightweight robotic manipulators[when?]
Andrews Space Reusable space vehicles; HTHL spacecraft; magnetorquers[when?]
Alén Space NanoSats and CubeSats [266]
Astranis MicroGEO Satellites
TESBL Aerospace Corporation In-space services; Solar Array Drive Actuators (SADA); microgravity payload integration, (As of 2019) [267]

[268]

Axelspace (ja) CubeSats [269][270]
CesiumAstro Active phased array communications payloads that include RF inter-satellite links as of 2017. [271][272]
Craig Technologies Small satellite deployment services (up to 110 kg); microgravity payload integration[when?] [273]
EADS Astrium Satellites Spacecraft and ground segment elements
EADS Astrium Space Transportation Launchers and orbital infrastructure
Innovative Solutions In Space CubeSat manufacture and operation, (As of 2018) [274]
Made in Space 3D printers for use in microgravity(As of 2013) [275]
Mynaric Laser communication for satellites and aircraft
RUAG Space Antenna Pointing Mechanisms; Solar Array Drive Assembly (SADA); satellite components; launchers and structures (As of 2009) [276]
SpaceDev Small spacecraft; propulsion products and services; space components, mechanisms and structures[when?]
SpaceQuest, Ltd. Spacecraft and spacecraft components[when?]
Xplore Satellite payload transport and hosting in Earth orbit and Beyond Earth orbit (BEO) destinations, including flight to asteroids, Venus, and Mars. Active (As of 2020) [277]
Cosmic Shielding Corporation Radiation Shielding materials for spacecraft and spacesuits; Space Weather Forecasting and Mitigation [229]
ADDMAN Engineering Metallurgy development and production of components including thrusters, injectors, cold plates, hot gas manifolds to space and hypersonic industry, especially refractory metals (Titatnium, Niobium) as of 2020

Spaceliner companies

Company name Contracts for Craft utilised Status Notes Refs
Axiom Space SpaceX Crew Dragon Active SpaceX Axiom Space-1 launched in April 2022 [278][279]
Benson Space Company SpaceDev Dream Chaser Defunct [280]
MirCorp none Soyuz TM, Progress M1 and Mir Defunct Mir deorbited
Space Adventures - Soyuz and the ISS Active 9 tourists sent [281]
RocketShip Tours XCOR Lynx rocketplane Defunct
Virgin Galactic Scaled Composites Spaceship Two, White Knight 2 Active 7 Spaceship Two glide flights successfully completed

See also


References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Association of Spaceflight Professionals - H+Pedia" (in en). https://hpluspedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Spaceflight_Professionals. 
  2. ↑ Kisfaludy, Eddie (2012-06-17), Welcome to the World's First Commercial Astronaut Corps, Christopher Altman, Kristine Ferrone, Jose Hurtado, IMDb: Internet Movie Database, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8234746/, retrieved 2018-07-31 
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  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 SpaceX (1 March 2019). "Dragon". SpaceX. https://www.spacex.com/dragon. 
  6. ↑ Bergin, Chris (19 October 2012). "Dragon enjoying ISS stay, despite minor issues – Falcon 9 investigation begins". NASASpaceflight.com. http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/10/dragon-iss-stay-minor-issues-falcon-9-investigation/. "CRS-2 will debut the use of Dragon’s Trunk section, capable of delivering unpressurized cargo, prior to the payload being removed by the ISS’ robotic assets after berthing." 
  7. ↑ "Fact sheet". http://www.spacex.com/sites/spacex/files/pdf/DragonLabFactSheet.pdf. 
  8. ↑ "Falcon 9 launches Dragon on CRS-1 mission to the ISS – NASASpaceFlight.com". 7 October 2012. http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/10/falcon-9loft-dragon-crs-1-mission-iss-attempt1/. 
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  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Cygnus Fast Sheet". Orbital Sciences Co.. http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/Publications/Cygnus_fact.pdf. 
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  15. ↑ "Commercial Human Spaceflight Plan Unveiled". Aviation Week. July 20, 2010. http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story.jsp?id=news/asd/2010/07/20/14.xml&channel=space. 
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  20. ↑ Sirangelo, Mark (August 2011). "NewSpace 2011: Sierra Nevada Corporation". Spacevidcast. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7sWtEAddkM. Sirangelo, Mark (24 August 2014). "Flight Plans and Crews for Commercial Dream Chaser's First Flights: One-on-One Interview With SNC VP Mark Sirangelo (Part 3)". AmericaSpace. http://www.americaspace.com/?p=66192. 
  21. ↑ Foust, Jeff (2022-06-14). "Sierra Space to start astronaut training program" (in en-US). https://spacenews.com/sierra-space-to-start-astronaut-training-program/. 
  22. ↑ "Falcon 9". SpaceX. http://www.spacex.com/falcon9. 
  23. ↑ "SpaceX Brochure – 2008". http://www.spacex.com/SpaceX_Brochure_V7_All.pdf. 
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  25. ↑ "SpacePlane Project｜Business｜PD Aerospace Co., Ltd.". https://www.pdas.co.jp/en/business01.html. 
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  47. ↑ "Borneo SubOrbitals" (in en). https://www.facebook.com/suborbitals/photos/a.1208165282682470/1226154294216902/?type=3. 
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