Astronomy:VII Zw 31

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VII Zw 31
VII Zw 31 captured with PanSTARRS
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationCamelopardalis
Right ascension 05h 16m 46.44s[1]
Declination+79° 40′ 12.43″[1]
Redshift0.053670[1]
Helio radial velocity16,090 ± 9 km/s[1]
Distance781.4 ± 54.7 Mly (239.57 ± 16.77 Mpc)[1]
Characteristics
TypeHII;LIRG[1]
Size~129,000 ly (39.4 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Other designations
IRAS 05083+7936, PGC 17034, NVSS J051646+794012, C-GOALS 03[1]

VII Zw 31 is an ultraluminous infrared galaxy[2] located in the constellation of Camelopardalis. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.053[1] and it was first discovered by the Swiss astronomer named Fritz Zwicky in 1971, whom he described it as a blue object with a compact spherical appearance.[3] It was also observed by J.H. Fairclough in March 1986 from an IRAS survey.[4]

Description

VII Zw 31 is an irregular galaxy, depicted to have a fuzzy blob appearance. It has an object located 20 arcseconds in the northwest direction from it, either being described as a companion or a galaxy merger remnant.[5] Observations made by the near infrared camera and multi-object spectrometer (NICMOS) abroad the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), found the galaxy has asymmetric spiral arms located in the central nucleus and multiple star clusters in its galactic disk.[6][7]

Evidence based on both color and surface brightness profiles, found the central regions of the galaxy display signs of reddening which is contributed by a presence of a dust lane.[2] There are also detections of narrow emission lines in its optical spectrum.[8] The star formation of the galaxy has been found to be calculated as 90 M☉ per year.[9]

A study in 1987 has found VII Zw 31 has detections of carbon oxide millimeter wave emission. When observed, the total luminosity of the emission is estimated to be 1.1 × 1010 Kelvin km s−1 pc2, making this 35 times more luminous as the carbon oxide millimeter wave emission in the Milky Way and most out of the observed galaxies. The total molecular hydrogen mass of the galaxy has been estimated as 5 × 1010 M☉.[10] A rotating molecular ring is suggested to be present inside the galaxy.[11]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "NED Search results for VII Zw 31". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=LEDA+17034&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Djorgovski, S.; de Carvalho, R. R.; Thompson, D. J. (May 1990). "An Optical Study of the Possible Proto-Starburst Galaxy VII ZW 31" (in en). The Astronomical Journal 99: 1414. doi:10.1086/115424. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 1990AJ.....99.1414D. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1990AJ.....99.1414D. 
  3. ↑ Zwicky, Fritz; Zwicky, Margrit A. (1971). "Catalogue of selected compact galaxies and of post-eruptive galaxies" (in en). Guemligen: Zwicky. Bibcode: 1971cscg.book.....Z. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1971cscg.book.....Z/abstract. 
  4. ↑ Fairclough, J. H. (March 1986). "New ultra-luminous galaxies." (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 219: 1P–4. doi:10.1093/mnras/219.1.1P. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 1986MNRAS.219P...1F. 
  5. ↑ Zink, Eric C.; Lester, Dan F.; Doppmann, Greg; Harvey, Paul M. (2000-03-29), "The Structure of Infrared-luminous Galaxies at 100 Microns", The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 131 (2): 413–440, doi:10.1086/317376, arXiv:astro-ph/0003439, Bibcode: 2000ApJS..131..413Z 
  6. ↑ Scoville, N. Z.; Evans, A. S.; Thompson, R.; Rieke, M.; Hines, D. C.; Low, F. J.; Dinshaw, N.; Surace, J. A. et al. (March 2000). "NICMOS Imaging of Infrared-Luminous Galaxies" (in en). The Astronomical Journal 119 (3): 991–1061. doi:10.1086/301248. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2000AJ....119..991S. 
  7. ↑ Papadopoulos, Padelis P.; van der Werf, Paul; Xilouris, E.; Isaak, Kate G.; Gao, Yu (2012-04-30). "THE MOLECULAR GAS IN LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES. II. EXTREME PHYSICAL CONDITIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THEXcoFACTOR". The Astrophysical Journal 751 (1): 10. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/751/1/10. ISSN 0004-637X. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/751/1/10. 
  8. ↑ Thompson, D. J.; de Carvalho, R. R.; Djorgovski, S. (September 1989). "Imaging and Spectroscopy of a Possible Proto-Starburst Galaxy VII Zw 31" (in en). Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 21: 1133. Bibcode: 1989BAAS...21.1133T. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1989BAAS...21.1133T. 
  9. ↑ Leroy, Adam K.; Walter, Fabian; Decarli, Roberto; Bolatto, Alberto; Zschaechner, Laura; Weiss, Axel (2015-09-11). "Faint Co Line Wings in Four Star-Forming (Ultra)Luminous Infrared Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 811 (1): 15. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/811/1/15. ISSN 1538-4357. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...811...15L. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/811/1/15. 
  10. ↑ Sage, Leslie J.; Solomon, P. M. (October 1987). "The Extraordinary CO Luminosity of the Far-Infrared Galaxy VII ZW 31: A Possible Proto-Galactic Disk?" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 321: L103. doi:10.1086/185014. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1987ApJ...321L.103S. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1987ApJ...321L.103S. 
  11. ↑ Downes, D.; Solomon, P. M. (1998-06-29), "Rotating Nuclear Rings and Extreme Starbursts in Ultraluminous Galaxies", The Astrophysical Journal 507 (2): 615–654, doi:10.1086/306339, arXiv:astro-ph/9806377, Bibcode: 1998ApJ...507..615D 



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