Biology:Neuropeptide VF precursor
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| Neuropeptide VF precursor | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | NPVF |
| Alt. symbols | RPFP |
| HGNC | 13782 |
Neuropeptide VF precursor, also known as pro-FMRFamide-related neuropeptide VF or RFamide-related peptide precursor, is a propeptide that in mammals is encoded by the NPVF (or RPFP) gene. The NPVF gene, and thus the propeptide, are expressed in neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus.[1] The propeptide is cleaved to form three other peptides, which are:[2][3]
- Neuropeptide SF (NPSF) (RFRP-1) – agonist of the NPFF1 and NPFF2 receptors (EC50 = 29 nM and 0.0011 nM, respectively)
- RFRP-2 – does not bind to either of the NPFF receptors; no known biological activity
- Neuropeptide VF (NPVF) (RFRP-3) – agonist of the NPFF1 receptor (IC50 = 0.7 nM)
NPSF and NPVF, originally referred to as the RFamide-related peptides RFRP-1 and RFRP-3, respectively,[4] are the mammalian homologs of the avian neuropeptide gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH).[2] The mammalian NPVF and avian GnIH genes, along with their aforementioned peptide products, were discovered concurrently in 2000.[1][2] Similarly to the avian GnIH neuropeptide, NPSF and NPVF have been found to potently inhibit gonadotropin secretion.[5] Moreover, a potent and selective antagonist of the NPFF receptors, RF9, has been reported to possess "very strong" gonadotropin-releasing effects in vivo in male and female mice.[6]
See also
- Neuropeptide FF
- FMRFamide
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
- Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone
- Gonadotropin release inhibitor
- Kisspeptin
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Jae Young Seong; Hubert Vaudry (7 November 2014). Neuropeptide GPCRs in neuroendocrinology. Frontiers E-books. pp. 226–. ISBN 978-2-88919-267-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=fvaZBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA226.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "New neuropeptides containing carboxy-terminal RFamide and their receptor in mammals". Nat. Cell Biol. 2 (10): 703–8. 2000. doi:10.1038/35036326. PMID 11025660.
- ↑ "Functional differences between NPFF1 and NPFF2 receptor coupling: high intrinsic activities of RFamide-related peptides on stimulation of [35SGTPgammaS binding"]. Neuropharmacology 52 (2): 376–86. 2007. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.07.034. PMID 17011599. https://zenodo.org/record/895939.
- ↑ "Hypophysiotropic role of RFamide-related peptide-3 in the inhibition of LH secretion in female rats". J. Endocrinol. 199 (1): 105–12. 2008. doi:10.1677/JOE-08-0197. PMID 18653621.
- ↑ "Evidence that RF-amide related peptides are inhibitors of reproduction in mammals". Front Neuroendocrinol 30 (3): 371–8. 2009. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.04.001. PMID 19362107.
- ↑ "Characterization of the potent gonadotropin-releasing activity of RF9, a selective antagonist of RF-amide-related peptides and neuropeptide FF receptors: physiological and pharmacological implications". Endocrinology 151 (4): 1902–13. 2010. doi:10.1210/en.2009-1259. PMID 20160130.
Further reading
- Ubuka, Takayoshi; Son, You Lee; Tsutsui, Kazuyoshi (2016). "Molecular, cellular, morphological, physiological and behavioral aspects of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone". General and Comparative Endocrinology 227: 27–50. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.009. ISSN 0016-6480. PMID 26409890.
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