Chemistry:Cell envelope antibiotic

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Short description: Antibiotic

A cell envelope antibiotic is an antibacterial that acts primarily at the level of the cell envelope.^{[citation needed]}

Examples include cycloserine, penicillin, and polymyxin B.^[1]

References

↑ "Antibiotics that affect the cell envelope". http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/antibiotics1.htm.

Antibiotics active on the cell wall and envelope (J01C-J01D)

Intracellular

Inhibit peptidoglycan subunit synthesis and transport: NAM synthesis inhibition (Fosfomycin)
DADAL/AR inhibitors (Cycloserine)
bactoprenol inhibitors (Bacitracin)

Inhibit PG chain elongation: Vancomycin^# (Oritavancin
Telavancin)
Teicoplanin (Dalbavancin)
Ramoplanin^§

β-lactams/
(inhibit PBP
cross-links)

Penicillins
(Penams)

Narrow
spectrum

β-lactamase sensitive (1st generation)	Benzylpenicillin (G)^# Benzathine benzylpenicillin^# Procaine benzylpenicillin^# Phenoxymethylpenicillin (V)^# Propicillin^‡ Pheneticillin^‡ Azidocillin^‡ Clometocillin^‡ Penamecillin^‡
β-lactamase resistant (2nd generation)	Cloxacillin^# (Dicloxacillin Flucloxacillin) Oxacillin Nafcillin Methicillin^‡

Extended
spectrum

Aminopenicillins (3rd generation)	Amoxicillin^# Ampicillin^# (Pivampicillin Hetacillin^‡ Bacampicillin^‡ Metampicillin^‡ Talampicillin^‡) Epicillin^‡
Carboxypenicillins (4th generation)	Ticarcillin Carbenicillin^‡ / Carindacillin^‡ Temocillin^‡
Ureidopenicillins (4th generation)	Piperacillin Azlocillin^‡ Mezlocillin^‡
Other	Mecillinam^‡ (Pivmecillinam^‡) Sulbenicillin^‡

Faropenem^‡
Ritipenem^§

Cephalosporins
/ Cephamycins
(Cephems)

1st generation	Cefazolin^# Cefalexin ^# Cefadroxil Cefapirin Cefazedone^‡ Cefazaflur^‡ Cefradine^‡ Cefroxadine^‡ Ceftezole^‡ Cefaloglycin^‡ Cefacetrile^‡ Cefalonium^‡ Cefaloridine^‡ Cefalotin^‡ Cefatrizine^‡
2nd generation	Cefaclor Cefotetan Cephamycin (Cefoxitin Cefprozil Cefuroxime Cefuroxime axetil Cefamandole^‡ Cefminox^‡ Cefonicid^‡ Ceforanide^‡ Cefbuperazone^‡ Cefuzonam^‡ Cefmetazole^‡) Carbacephem^‡ (Loracarbef^‡)
3rd generation	Cefixime^# Ceftriaxone^# Cefotaxime^# Antipseudomonal (Ceftazidime^# Cefoperazone^‡) Cefdinir Cefcapene Cefdaloxime Ceftizoxime Cefmenoxime Cefpiramide Cefpodoxime Ceftibuten Cefditoren Cefotiam^‡ Cefetamet^‡ Cefodizime^‡ Cefpimizole^‡ Cefsulodin^‡ Cefteram^‡ Ceftiolene^‡ Oxacephem (Flomoxef^‡ Latamoxef^‡)
4th generation	Cefepime Cefozopran^‡ Cefpirome^‡ Cefquinome^‡
5th generation	Ceftaroline fosamil Ceftolozane Ceftobiprole
Veterinary	Ceftiofur Cefquinome Cefovecin

β-lactamase inhibitors

Penam (Sulbactam
Tazobactam)
Clavam (Clavulanic acid]])
Sulbactam
non-β-lactam (Relebactam
Avibactam
Vaborbactam)

Combinations

Other

polymyxins/detergent
- Colistin
- Polymyxin B
depolarizing
- Daptomycin
Hydrolyze NAM-NAG
- lysozyme
Tyrothricin
- Gramicidin
- Tyrocidine
Isoniazid^#
Teixobactin

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

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Antibiotics