Biology:miR-191

From HandWiki

miR-191 is a family of microRNA precursors found in mammals, including humans. The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precursor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer.[1] This sequence then associates with RISC which effects RNA interference.[2]

miR-191 has been found to be dysregulated in many types of human tumour, including those of colorectal,[3] breast and prostate cancers.[4] Despite these cancer links, target genes of the mature miRNA have not been characterised, and it is not known which factors lead to its dysregulation in certain tumour cells.[5]

The expression profile of miR-191 could be implemented in prognosis of acute myeloid leukaemia, with higher than average levels of miR-191 suggesting a lower survival probability.[6]

miR-191 plays an important role in erythropoiesis. Downregulation of miR-191 leads to upregulation of its target genes RIOK3 and MXI1, which together regulate erythroblast chromatin condensation and enucleation.[7][8]

References

  1. ↑ "microRNAs: tiny regulators with great potential". Cell 107 (7): 823–6. Dec 2001. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00616-X. PMID 11779458. 
  2. ↑ "Human RISC couples microRNA biogenesis and posttranscriptional gene silencing". Cell 123 (4): 631–40. Nov 2005. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.10.022. PMID 16271387. 
  3. ↑ "Prognostic Values of microRNAs in Colorectal Cancer". Biomarker Insights 2: 113–121. 2006. PMID 18079988. 
  4. ↑ "A microRNA expression signature of human solid tumors defines cancer gene targets". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103 (7): 2257–61. Feb 2006. doi:10.1073/pnas.0510565103. PMID 16461460. Bibcode: 2006PNAS..103.2257V. 
  5. ↑ "Novel genetic variants in miR-191 gene and familial ovarian cancer". BMC Cancer 10: 47. 2010-02-18. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-10-47. PMID 20167074. 
  6. ↑ "MicroRNA signatures associated with cytogenetics and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia". Blood 111 (6): 3183–9. Mar 2008. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-07-098749. PMID 18187662. 
  7. ↑ "miR-191 regulates mouse erythroblast enucleation by down-regulating Riok3 and Mxi1". Genes & Development 25 (2): 119–24. Jan 2011. doi:10.1101/gad.1998711. PMID 21196494. 
  8. ↑ "Editors' Choice". Science 331 (6015): 264–265. Jan 2011. doi:10.1126/science.2011.331.6015.twil. 



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