Chemistry:Flufenoxuron
Flufenoxuron is an insecticide that belongs to the benzoylurea chitin synthesis inhibitor group, which also includes diflubenzuron, triflumuron, and lufenuron.[1][2]
Application
Flufenoxuron is used as an insecticide primarily on citrus plants, cotton, grape, tea and soybean.[3]
Due to the development of resistance in some cases, the effects of chlorfluazuron and flufenoxuron on selected developmental and reproductive parameters of the agrotis ipsilon were examined in a study. It was found that chlorfluazuron and flufenoxuron can accelerate vitellogenesis (yolk formation during oocyte development) in the ypsilon owl.[4]
Synthesis
The multi-step synthesis of flufenoxuron is described in the following reaction sequence:[3]
Trade name
A plant protection product containing the active ingredient flufenoxuron is marketed under the trade name Cascade[3].
Authorization
No plant protection products containing this active ingredient are authorized in Germany or in the EU.[2]
Properties
Flufenoxuron is a white crystalline powder. It has low solubility in water, is not flammable, and is not an oxidizer.[1]
Toxicology and safety
Flufenoxuron toxicity to humans and other mammals is low,[1] but it has a potentially high bioaccumulation in fish despite its low water solubility.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Flufenoxuron". NIH - National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Flufenoxuron.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Entry on Flufenoxuron. at: Römpp Online. Georg Thieme Verlag, retrieved {{{Datum}}}.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Thomas A. Unger (1996), "Flufenoxuron", Pesticide Synthesis Handbook (Park Ridge, N.J.: Noyes Publications): 235, ISBN 978-0-8155-1401-5
- ↑ El-Sayed H. Shaurub, Nawal Z. Zohdy, Aziza E. Abdel-Aal, Said A. Emara (2018-01-02), "Effect of chlorfluazuron and flufenoxuron on development and reproductive performance of the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)", Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 62 (1): 27–34, doi:10.1080/07924259.2017.1384407
- ↑ Tang, Caiming; Zhu, Yizhe; Liang, Yiyang; Xia, Dan; Xu, Jiale; Zheng, Ruifen; Liu, Ling; Ma, Shirong et al. (2025-01-29). "Nontarget Analysis and Characterization of a Group of Abundant Polyfluoroalkyl Substances─Fluorinated Benzoylurea Pesticides and Their Analogues and Transformation Products in Fish by LC-HRMS and Chemical Species-Specific Algorithms" (in en). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 73 (4): 2322–2331. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.4c09728. ISSN 0021-8561. PMID 39806269. Bibcode: 2025JAFC...73.2322T. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c09728.
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