Chemistry:Chrysanthemic acid
-(%2B)-trans-chrysanthemic_acid.svg)
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| IUPAC name
2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
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3D model (JSmol)
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| Properties | |
| C10H16O2 | |
| Molar mass | 168.236 g·mol−1 |
| Melting point | 17 °C (63 °F; 290 K) (1R,3R) or (+)-trans |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Chrysanthemic acid is an organic compound that is related to a variety of natural and synthetic insecticides. It is related to the pyrethrin I and II, as well as the pyrethroids. One of the four stereoisomers, (1R,3R)- or (+)-trans-chrysanthemic acid (pictured), is the acid part of the ester pyrethrin I, which occurs naturally in the seed cases of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium. Many synthetic pyrethroids, for example the allethrins, are esters of all four stereoisomers.[1] Staudinger and Ružička named chrysanthemic acid in 1924.[2]
Biosynthesis
Chrysanthemic acid is derived from its pyrophosphate ester, which in turn is produced naturally from two molecules of dimethylallyl diphosphate.[3]
Industrial synthesis
Chrysanthemic acid is produced industrially in a cyclopropanation reaction of a diene as a mixture of cis- and trans isomers, followed by hydrolysis of the ester:[4]
Many pyrethroids are accessible by re-esterification of chrysanthemic acid ethylester.
References
- ↑ Faust, Rüdiger (2001). "Fascinating Natural and Artificial Cyclopropane Architectures". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 40 (12): 2251–2253. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20010618)40:12<2251::AID-ANIE2251>3.0.CO;2-R. PMID 11433485.
- ↑ H. Staudinger, L. Ružička: "Insektentotende Stoffe H. Zur Konstitution der Chrysanthemummonocarbonsiiure und -dicarbonsiiure", Helv. Chem. Acta 7 (1924) 201
- ↑ "Chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase: isolation of the gene and characterization of the recombinant non-head-to-tail monoterpene synthase from Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (8): 4373–8. 2001. doi:10.1073/pnas.071543598. PMID 11287653. Bibcode: 2001PNAS...98.4373R.
- ↑ Kelly Lawrence F (1987). "A synthesis of chrysanthemic ester: An undergraduate experiment". J. Chem. Educ. 64 (12): 1061. doi:10.1021/ed064p1061. Bibcode: 1987JChEd..64.1061K.
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