Engineering:Cessna T-41 Mescalero

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Short description: US built military training aircraft series developed from Cessna 172
T-41 Mescalero
Cessna T-41 USAFA.jpg
Cessna T-41D of the 557th Flying Training Squadron
Role Primary pilot trainer
National origin United States
Manufacturer Cessna
Introduction 1964
Status In service
Primary users United States Air Force
United States Army
Indonesian Air Force
Turkish Air Force
Produced 1964–1996
Developed from Cessna 172

The Cessna T-41 Mescalero is a military version of the popular Cessna 172, operated by the United States Air Force and Army, as well as the armed forces of various other countries as a pilot-training aircraft.[1][2]

Design and development

In 1964, the US Air Force (USAF) decided to use the off-the-shelf Cessna 172F as a lead-in aircraft for student pilots rather than starting them out in the T-37 jet aircraft. The USAF ordered 237 T-41As from Cessna. The first USAF class (67-A) of students began training on the T-41 from the civilian airport in Big Spring, Texas, in August 1965.[1][2]

The T-41B was the US Army version, with a 210 hp (160 kW) Continental IO-360 engine and constant-speed propeller in place of the 145 hp (108 kW) Continental O-300 and 7654 fixed-pitch propeller used in the 172 and the T-41A.[3][4][5]

In 1968, the USAF acquired 52 of the more powerful T-41Cs, which used 210 hp (160 kW) Continental IO-360 and a fixed-pitch climb propeller, for use at the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs.[1][2]

In 1996, the aircraft were further upgraded to the T-41D, which included an upgrade in avionics[1] and to a constant-speed propeller.

Beginning in 1993, the USAF replaced many of the T-41 fleet with the Slingsby T-3A Firefly for the flight-screening role, and for aerobatic training, which was outside the design capabilities of the T-41. The T-3A fleet was indefinitely grounded in 1997 and scrapped in 2006 following a series of fatal accidents at the US Air Force Academy.[2][6]

The USAF now trains all its prospective pilots and combat systems officers through a civilian contract with DOSS Aviation known as initial military flight screening, which makes use of the Diamond DA20. This program is conducted for USAF line officer accession programs (e.g., USAFA, AFROTC, and OTS), with said training taking place after these officers have been commissioned as second lieutenants. It is also conducted for USAF officers at the first lieutenant and captain level selected for flight training after an assignment as a non-aeronautically rated officer.[7]

Four T-41s remain at the Air Force Academy for the USAFA Flying Team, as well as to support certain academic classes.[8]

A number of air forces, including Saudi Arabia and Singapore, purchased various civilian models of the Cessna 172 for use in military training, transport, and liaison roles. While similar to the T-41, these aircraft were not T-41s and were powered by the standard 172 powerplants available in the model year purchased. These included the 145 hp (108 kW) Continental O-300 in pre-1968 aircraft and the 150 and 160 hp (120 kW) Lycoming O-320 in later 172s.[3]

Variants

Argentine Army Cessna T-41D Mescalero
T-41A
United States Air Force version of the Cessna 172F for undergraduate pilot training, powered by 145 hp Continental O-300,[3] 211 built
T-41B
United States Army version of the Cessna R172E for training and liaison duties, powered by 210 hp Continental IO-360,[4] 255 built[5]
T-41C
A version of the T-41B for use by the USAF Academy, powered by 210 hp Continental IO-360,[4] 52 built
T-41D
A version of the T-41B for export under the Military Aid Program with 28 V electrical system and simplified equipment, powered by 210 hp Continental IO-360,[4] 238 built, first T-41D delivered to the Philippine Air Force in 1968[9]

Operators

USAF T-41A
Cessna T-41B of the Republic of Korea
 Angola
  • Angolan Air Force (5× Cessna 172 in service)
 Argentina
  • Argentine Army Aviation (10× T-41D in service)[4]
 Bolivia
 Chile
 Colombia
 Dominican Republic
 Ecuador
 El Salvador
  • Salvadoran Air Force[10]
 Greece
 Honduras
 Indonesia
 Iran
 Khmer Republic
Laos Kingdom of Laos
 Liberia
  • Armed Forces of Liberia (T-41D)[4]
 Pakistan
 Paraguay
 Peru
 Philippines
 South Korea
 South Vietnam
 Thailand
 Turkey
 United States
  • United States Army (255× T-41B)[3]
  • United States Air Force (211× T-41A and 52× T-41C)[3]
  • Jacksonville Navy Flying Club/NAS Jacksonville, Florida - 2 x T-41A, 1 x T-41B (two currently airworthy)[18]
  • Kirtland AFB Aeroclub/Kirtland AFB, New Mexico - 5 x T-41C (all 5 currently airworthy)[19]
  • Patuxent River Navy Flying Club/NAS Patuxent River, Maryland - 3 x T-41C (1 currently airworthy)[20]
  • Eglin AFB Aeroclub/Eglin AFB, FL - 2 x T-41A, 1 x T-41B (1 T-41A and 1 T-41B currently airworthy)[21]
  • Travis AFB Aero Club/Travis AFB, CA - 1 x T-41C (currently airworthy)[22]
  • Dover AFB Aero Club/Dover AFB, DE - 2 x T-41A, 1x T-41C (currently airworthy)[23]
 Uruguay

Aircraft on display

United States
  • 65-5168 – T-41A on static display in the airpark at Vance Air Force Base in Enid, Oklahoma.[24][25]
  • 65-5226 – T-41 on static display at Randolph Air Force Base , Universal City, Texas. It is on display in park area adjacent to Randolph Inn Visiting Officers Quarters (VOQ) / Distinguished Visiting Officers Quarters (DVOQ) along with other historical ATC and AETC aircraft.[26]
  • 65-5251 – T-41A on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio.[27] This aircraft was previously assigned to the United States Air Force Academy inventory.[citation needed]
  • 67-14977 – T-41A on static display as part of the Officer Training School complex at Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama.[28][29]

Specifications (T-41C)

Data from Global Security[1]

General characteristics

  • Crew: one
  • Capacity: three passengers
  • Length: 26 ft 11 in (8.20 m)
  • Wingspan: 35 ft 10 in (10.92 m)
  • Height: 8 ft 10 in (2.69 m)
  • Wing area: 159 sq ft (14.8 m2)
  • Empty weight: 1,363 lb (618 kg)
  • Gross weight: 2,500 lb (1,134 kg)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Continental IO-360-D 6-cylinder air-cooled horizontally-opposed piston engine, 210 hp (160 kW)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed variable-pitch propeller

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 125 kn (144 mph, 232 km/h)
  • Range: 626 nmi (720 mi, 1,159 km)
  • Service ceiling: 17,000 ft (5,200 m)
  • Rate of climb: 880 ft/min (4.5 m/s)

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

  • CT-134 Musketeer
  • Slingsby T-3 Firefly
  • PAC CT/4

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Pike, John (April 2005). "T-41A/C Mescalero". http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/t-41.htm. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 United States Air Force (March 1998). "Broad Area Review of the Enhanced Flight Screening Program". http://www.af.mil/library/posture/t3bar.asp. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Taylor, John: Jane's Pocket Book of Military Transport and Training Aircraft, page 67. Macmillan Publishing Inc., 1974. Library of Congress 73-15288
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 Krivinyi, Nikolaus: World Military Aviation, page 148. Arco Publishing Co, 1977. ISBN:0-668-04348-2
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 WarbirdFlight.Net (2007). "T-41B". http://warbirdflight.net/The%20T-41B.html. 
  6. ↑ Pike, John (September 2006). "T-3A Firefly". http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/t-3.htm. 
  7. ↑ DOSS Aviation (2007). "About Doss IFS". http://www.dossifs.com/. 
  8. ↑ USAFA. "United States Air Force Academy Aircraft". http://www.usafa.edu/flash/aircraftViewer/index.htm. 
  9. ↑ Sheil/Forsgren/Little 1976, p. 76
  10. ↑ Hagedorn 1993, pp. 87, 92–93.
  11. ↑ "Tecnam Completes Delivery Of 12 Trainer Aircraft To The Hellenic Air Force | Tecnam". 18 June 2019. https://www.tecnam.com/gb/news-gb/tecnam-completes-delivery-of-12-trainer-aircraft-to-the-hellenic-air-force/. 
  12. ↑ Schymura, Jens (June 2019). "New Greek trainers". Air International 96 (6): 9. ISSN 0306-5634. 
  13. ↑ "Khmer Air Force History". aeroflight.co.uk. http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/aa-eastasia/cambodia/cam-af-history2.htm. 
  14. ↑ "Paraguayan Air Force". aeroflight.co.uk. http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/user/every/paraguay-af-all-time-aircraft-used-listing.htm. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Araneta, Macon Ramos (August 2008). "Air Force acquires 15 planes". http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics1_aug15_2008. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Sheil/Forsgren/Little 1976, pp. 91-92
  17. ↑ "World Air Forces 2013". http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/world-air-forces-2013-101015.aspx. 
  18. ↑ "Aircraft". Jax Navy Flying Club. http://www.jaxnfc.net/index_Page374.htm. 
  19. ↑ "Cessna T-41C | Kirtland Flight Center". http://kirtlandflightcenter.org/?page_id=151. 
  20. ↑ Patuxent River Navy Flying Club. "Aircraft". http://www.navair.navy.mil/nawcad/flyingclub/Aircraft2.htm. 
  21. ↑ ( Eglin Aero Club. "Aircraft". http://www.eglinaeroclub.com/Aircraft.aspx. 
  22. ↑ ( Travis Aero Club. "Aircraft/Rates". http://www.travisaeroclub.com/index_files/aircraft.htm. 
  23. ↑ ( "Aero Club Brochure". https://b31c00a1-6a34-454d-9e9c-977c769ea901.filesusr.com/ugd/70db0d_998c157c5c744caaa88503d7b65363e0.pdf. 
  24. ↑ Gross, Tyler (August 25, 2010). "Construction of Vance's air park nears completion". Oklahoma. http://www.vance.af.mil/News/ArticleDisplay/tabid/3156/Article/370827/construction-of-vances-air-park-nears-completion.aspx. 
  25. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Cessna T-41A Mescalero, s/n 65-5168 USAF". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=16034. 
  26. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Cessna172 / T-41 Mescalero, s/n 65-5226 USAF, c/r N5226F". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=10570. 
  27. ↑ "Cessna T-41A Mescalero". http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/MuseumExhibits/FactSheets/Display/tabid/509/Article/198032/cessna-t-41a-mescalero.aspx. 
  28. ↑ Kimberly, Wright (October 29, 2010). "OTS salutes heritage with T-41 display". Alabama. http://www.maxwell.af.mil/News/Display/tabid/10067/Article/420761/ots-salutes-heritage-with-t-41-display.aspx. 
  29. ↑ "Maxwell AFB, AL T-41 OTS Display". phpBB Group. http://www.warbirdinformationexchange.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?p=449765. 
  • Hagedorn, Daniel P. (1993). Central American and Caribbean Air Forces. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-210-6. 
  • Shiel, Walt; Forsgren, Jan; Little, Michael (2006). T-41 Mescalero: The Military Cessna 172. Lake Linden, Michigan, USA: Slipdown Mountain Publications. ISBN 978-0-9746553-3-8. 

External links



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