Engineering:Seversky A8V
| A8V1 / AT-12 | |
|---|---|
.jpg) A8V1 "Shiokaze-go" used by the Asahi Shimbun newspaper company | |
| General information | |
| Type | Fighter |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Seversky |
| Management and usage | Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service United States Army Air Corps Swedish Air Force |
| Number built | 70 |
| History | |
| Introduction date | 1937 |
| First flight | 15 August 1935 |
| Retired | September 1952 (Sweden) |
| Developed from | Seversky SEV-3 |
The A8V1 Type S Two Seat Fighter was an aircraft developed in the United States in the 1930s by Seversky Aircraft, purchased and operated in small numbers by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service.
Design and development
The origins of the A8V trace back to the SEV-3, an amphibious aircraft that was the company's first design and which was developed into the BT-8 basic trainer for the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC). Seversky's chief designer, Alexander Kartveli, also proposed a two-seat fighter derivative, the SEV-2XP. This was powered by a 735-horsepower (548 kW) Wright R-1670 radial engine. It had fixed landing gear in aerodynamic spats and was armed with one 0.50 in (12.70 mm) and one 0.30 in (7.62 mm) forward-firing machine gun plus an additional 0.30 in machine gun for rear defence.
When the USAAC announced a competition for a new single-seat fighter in 1935, Seversky sent the SEV-2XP, confident it would win despite it being a two-seater. However, the aircraft was damaged on 18 June 1935 during its transit to the fly-off evaluations at Wright Field. The Air Corps delayed the fly-off until March 1936, which allowed Seversky time to rework the fighter into the single-seat SEV-1XP with retractable landing gear and re-engined with a Wright R-1820 radial engine.[1] With further modifications, the SEV-1XP was ordered by the USAAC as the P-35.
Meanwhile, in what proved to be an unpopular move by Alexander de Seversky, twenty 2PA-B3s, a development of the SEV-2XP, were sold to the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service, which briefly employed them in the Second Sino-Japanese War as the Navy Type S Two-Seat Fighter or A8V1 in the Navy’s aircraft classification system; they were found to be unsuitable for use as fighters and were reassigned to the reconnaissance role. Two were transferred to the Asahi Shimbun newspaper. After the US' entry into World War Two, the type was assigned the Allied codename Dick.
Two demonstrators ended up in the Soviet Union; although a manufacturing licence was also bought, the Soviets undertook no production.
Sweden ordered 52 2PAs (known as the B 6), but only two were delivered; as the Battle of France was ending in French surrender to Nazi Germany, on 18 June 1940 the United States declared an embargo against exporting weapons to any nation other than the United Kingdom and British Commonwealth countries. As a result, the remaining 50 were impounded in the US and put into service with the USAAC as the AT-12 Guardsman advanced trainer.
Variants
- 2PA
- Two-seat version of Seversky P-35 with rear gunner.
- 2PA-202 - European demonstrator (1)
- 2PA-A - for USSR (1)
- 2PA-B - European demonstrator (1)
- 2PA-BX - European demonstrator (1)
- 2PA-B3 - 20 production aircraft for Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service as Seversky A8V1.
- 2PA-L - for USSR (1)
- A8V1
- Japanese designation for 2PA-B3 (Allied codename "Dick" from 1942)
- B 6
- Swedish designation of the 2PA (only 2 delivered of 52 ordered)
- AT-12 Guardsman
- Two-seat advanced trainer for the USAAC (50 2PAs ordered by Sweden, but impounded)
Operators
Japan
- Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
Sweden
- Swedish Air Force
United States
- United States Army Air Corps
Specifications (A8V1)
Data from [2]
General characteristics
- Crew: two
- Length: 26 ft 11 in (8.2 m)
- Wingspan: 36 ft 0 in (10.97 m)
- Height: 9 ft 10 in (2.99 m)
- Wing area: 220.0 sq ft (20.44 m2)
- Empty weight: 4,581 lb (2,078 kg)
- Gross weight: 7,659 lb (3,474 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Wright R-1820 Cyclone radial piston engine, 1,000 hp (750 kW)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 316 mph (508 km/h, 274 kn)
- Range: 1,950 mi (3,138 km, 1,694 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 30,000 ft (9,100 m)
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
References
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Davis Larry. P-35: Mini in Action (Mini Number 1). Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1994. ISBN 0-89747-321-3.
- Fitzsimmons, Bernard. The Illustrated International Aircraft Guide Fighters of WWII, Part IX. London: MacDonald Phoebus Ltd., 1981.
- Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War, Volume Four: Fighters. London: Macdonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., 1961 (Sixth impression 1969). ISBN 0-356-01448-7.
- Hucker, Robert. "Seversky: Innovator and Prophet." Air Classics, 20th Anniversary Special Edition 1964–1984, 1984.
- United States Air Force Museum Guidebook. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation, 1975.
External links
- Seversky P-35 – National Museum of the United States Air Force
- Information about all models and survivors of this series. Also information about new replicas to be built by VCS.
United States trainer aircraft designations, Army/Air Force and Tri-Service systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Advanced trainer (1925–1948) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic combat (1936–1940) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic trainer (1930–1948) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary trainer (1924–1948) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Main sequence (1948–present) |
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| Alternate sequences |
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1 Not assigned
! rowspan="3" colspan="2" width="14%" style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;" | Date/Time (UTC) ! Configuration ! Serial number ! Launch site ! Outcome |- |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Payload |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Separation orbit |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Operator |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Function |- | colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#e4dfdf;border-bottom:2px solid grey;" | Remarks |- Parameter 1=time required!
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|- | ... | — | — | — | — | — | — |-Old Norse pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Salish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Basque pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{{{1}}}data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | UnreleasedNorwegian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] (aged {{{4}}})Hungarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Quechua pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Arabic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Punjabi pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Afrikaans pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Romanian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hebrew pronunciation: [{{{1}}}][INVALID OR MISSING PARAMETER IN TEMPLATE Seversky A8V]Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tamil pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hindustani pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Swedish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Kazakh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Lao pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tibetan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Khmer pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]data-sort-value="" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center" class="table-na" | —{{{1}}}Welsh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] Partially doneAthabaskan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Māori pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]IPA: [{{{1}}}]Bulgarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Korean pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Icelandic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Sanskrit pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Bengali pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Indonesian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]CROSBI {{{1}}} 2 Assigned to multiple types | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swedish military aircraft designations 1926–current | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| By role |
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| Post–1940 unified sequence | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italics Pre-unification designations
! rowspan="3" colspan="2" width="14%" style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;" | Date/Time (UTC) ! Configuration ! Serial number ! Launch site ! Outcome |- |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Payload |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Separation orbit |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Operator |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Function |- | colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#e4dfdf;border-bottom:2px solid grey;" | Remarks |- Parameter 1=time required!
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Not doneLatin pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]
| rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | |- |- Vietnamese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]-4500 — – -4000 — – -3500 — – -3000 — – -2500 — – -2000 — – -1500 — – -1000 — – -500 — – 0 — Done To doRussian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Greek pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Danish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Northern Sami pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Mandarin pronunciation: [{{{ipa}}}]Cantonese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Entry from Seversky A8V from TCI Europe, retrieved on {{{Date}}}
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|- | ... | — | — | — | — | — | — |-Old Norse pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Salish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Basque pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{{{1}}}data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | UnreleasedNorwegian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] (aged {{{4}}})Hungarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Quechua pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Arabic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Punjabi pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Afrikaans pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Romanian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hebrew pronunciation: [{{{1}}}][INVALID OR MISSING PARAMETER IN TEMPLATE Seversky A8V]Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tamil pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hindustani pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Swedish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Kazakh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Lao pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tibetan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Khmer pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]data-sort-value="" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center" class="table-na" | —{{{1}}}Welsh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] Partially doneAthabaskan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Māori pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]IPA: [{{{1}}}]Bulgarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Korean pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Icelandic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Sanskrit pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Bengali pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Indonesian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]CROSBI {{{1}}} 1 Assigned to multiple types
! rowspan="3" colspan="2" width="14%" style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;" | Date/Time (UTC) ! Configuration ! Serial number ! Launch site ! Outcome |- |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Payload |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Separation orbit |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Operator |style="text-align:center;background-color:#e3e9e9;" | Function |- | colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#e4dfdf;border-bottom:2px solid grey;" | Remarks |- Parameter 1=time required!
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Not doneLatin pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]
| rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | | style="border-top:2px solid #aabbcc;" | |- |- Vietnamese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]-4500 — – -4000 — – -3500 — – -3000 — – -2500 — – -2000 — – -1500 — – -1000 — – -500 — – 0 — Done To doRussian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Greek pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Danish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Northern Sami pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Mandarin pronunciation: [{{{ipa}}}]Cantonese pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Entry from Seversky A8V from TCI Europe, retrieved on {{{Date}}}
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In progressPalomares, M. L. D. and Pauly, D., eds. (2011). "{{{1}}} {{{2}}}" in SeaLifeBase. April 2011 version.Turkish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Finnish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2006). "{{{1}}} {{{2}}}" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
|- | ... | — | — | — | — | — | — |-Old Norse pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Salish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Basque pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]{{{1}}}data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | UnreleasedNorwegian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] (aged {{{4}}})Hungarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Quechua pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Arabic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Punjabi pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Afrikaans pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Romanian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hebrew pronunciation: [{{{1}}}][INVALID OR MISSING PARAMETER IN TEMPLATE Seversky A8V]Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tamil pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Hindustani pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Swedish pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Kazakh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Lao pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Tibetan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Khmer pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]data-sort-value="" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center" class="table-na" | —{{{1}}}Welsh pronunciation: [{{{1}}}] Partially doneAthabaskan pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Māori pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]IPA: [{{{1}}}]Bulgarian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Korean pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Icelandic pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Sanskrit pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Bengali pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Indonesian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [{{{1}}}]CROSBI {{{1}}} 2 Not unified with main sequence | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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