Physics:Hexaquark

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Short description: Hypothetical particles made up of six quarks or antiquarks

In particle physics, hexaquarks, alternatively known as sexaquarks,[1] are a large family of hypothetical particles, each particle consisting of six quarks or antiquarks of any flavours. Six constituent quarks in any of several combinations could yield a colour charge of zero; for example a hexaquark might contain either six quarks, resembling two baryons bound together (a dibaryon), or three quarks and three antiquarks.[2] Once formed, dibaryons are predicted to be fairly stable by the standards of particle physics.

A number of experiments have been suggested to detect dibaryon decays and interactions. In the 1990s, several candidate dibaryon decays were observed but they were not confirmed.[3][4][5]

There is a theory that strange particles such as hyperons[6] and dibaryons[7][8] could form in the interior of a neutron star, changing its mass–radius ratio in ways that might be detectable. Accordingly, measurements of neutron stars could set constraints on possible dibaryon properties.[9] A large fraction of the neutrons in a neutron star could turn into hyperons and merge into dibaryons during the early part of its collapse into a black hole [citation needed]. These dibaryons would very quickly dissolve into quark–gluon plasma during the collapse, or go into some currently unknown state of matter.

D-star hexaquark

In 2014, a potential dibaryon was detected at the Jülich Research Center at about 2380 MeV. The center claimed that the measurements confirm results from 2011, via a more replicable method.[10][11] The particle existed for 10−23 seconds and was named d*(2380).[12] This particle is hypothesized to consist of three up and three down quarks, and has been proposed as a candidate for dark matter.[13][14][15]

The study found that production of stable d*(2830) hexaquarks could account for 85% of the Universe's dark matter.[16][17]

H dibaryon

In 1977, Robert Jaffe proposed that a possibly stable H dibaryon with the quark composition udsuds could notionally result from the combination of two uds hyperons.[18][1][19][20][21][22][23][24]

Others

  • In 2022 Riken researchers studied the existence of triply charmed dibaryon [math]\displaystyle{ \Omega_{ccc}\Omega_{ccc} }[/math] concluding computationally that it should fall within a feasible regime.[25][26]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Oddball sexaquark particles could be immortal, if they exist at all". https://www.livescience.com/sexquarks-could-explain-dark-matter.html. 
  2. ↑ Vijande, J.; Valcarce, A.; Richard, J.-M. (2011). "Stability of hexaquarks in the string limit of confinement". Physical Review D 85 (1): 014019. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.85.014019. Bibcode: 2012PhRvD..85a4019V. 
  3. ↑ Belz, J. (1996). "Search for the weak decay of an H dibaryon". Physical Review Letters 76 (18): 3277–3280. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.3277. PMID 10060926. Bibcode: 1996PhRvL..76.3277B. 
  4. ↑ Stotzer, R. W. (1997). "Search for H dibaryon in 3He (K−, K+) Hn". Physical Review Letters 78 (19): 3646–36490. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3646. Bibcode: 1997PhRvL..78.3646S. 
  5. ↑ Alavi-Harati, A. (2000). "Search for the weak decay of a lightly bound H0 dibaryon". Physical Review Letters 84 (12): 2593–2597. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.2593. PMID 11017277. Bibcode: 2000PhRvL..84.2593A. 
  6. ↑ Ambartsumyan, V. A.; Saakyan, G. S. (1960). "The Degenerate Superdense Gas of Elementary Particles". Soviet Astronomy 37: 193. Bibcode: 1960SvA.....4..187A. 
  7. ↑ Krivoruchenko, M. I. (1987). "Strange, quark, and metastable neutron stars". JETP Letters 46 (1): 3–6. Bibcode: 1987ZhPmR..46....5K. http://www.jetpletters.ru/ps/1224/article_18487.shtml. 
  8. ↑ Kagiyama, S.; Nakamura, A.; Omodaka, T. (1992). "Compressible bag model and dibaryon stars". Zeitschrift für Physik C 56 (4): 557–560. doi:10.1007/BF01474728. Bibcode: 1992ZPhyC..56..557K. 
  9. ↑ Faessler, A.; Buchmann, A. J.; Krivoruchenko, M. I. (1997). "Constraints to coupling constants of the ω- and σ-mesons with dibaryons". Physical Review C 56 (3): 1576–1581. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.56.1576. Bibcode: 1997PhRvC..56.1576F. 
  10. ↑ "Forschungszentrum Jülich press release". https://www.fz-juelich.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/UK/EN/2014/14-05-23exotisches-teilchen.html. 
  11. ↑ "Massive news in the micro-world: a hexaquark particle". https://www.theregister.co.uk/AMP/2014/06/10/massive_news_in_the_microworld_a_hexaquark_particle/. 
  12. ↑ Adlarson, P. (2014). "Evidence for a New Resonance from Polarized Neutron-Proton Scattering". Physical Review Letters 112 (2): 202301. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.202301. Bibcode: 2014PhRvL.112t2301A. 
  13. ↑ Bashkanov, M. (2020). "A new possibility for light-quark dark matter". Journal of Physics G 47 (3): 03LT01. doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ab67e8. Bibcode: 2020JPhG...47cLT01B. 
  14. ↑ "Physicists Think We Might Have a New, Exciting Dark Matter Candidate". https://www.sciencealert.com/d-star-hexaquark-particles-could-be-responsible-for-creating-dark-matter. 
  15. ↑ "Did this newfound particle form the universe's dark matter?". https://www.space.com/hexaquarks-big-bang-form-universe-dark-matter.html. 
  16. ↑ Williams, M. (11 March 2020). "Is the "D-star Hexaquark" the Dark Matter Particle?". https://www.universetoday.com/145345/is-the-d-star-hexaquark-the-dark-matter-particle/. 
  17. ↑ "Ask Ethan: It's Absurd To Think Dark Matter Might Be Made Of Hexaquarks, Right?". https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2020/03/14/ask-ethan-its-absurd-to-think-dark-matter-might-be-made-of-hexaquarks-right/#b7dcd4763588. 
  18. ↑ Jaffe, R. L. (1977). "Perhaps a Stable Dihyperon?". Physical Review Letters 38 (5): 195–198. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.38.195. Bibcode: 1977PhRvL..38..195J. https://www.slac.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/getdoc/slac-pub-1828.pdf. 
  19. ↑ Farrar, G. R. (2017). "Stable Sexaquark". arXiv:1708.08951 [hep-ph].
  20. ↑ Kolb, E. W.; Turner, M. S. (2019). "Dibaryons cannot be the dark matter". Physical Review D 99 (6): 063519. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.063519. Bibcode: 2019PhRvD..99f3519K. 
  21. ↑ Gross, C.; Polosa, A.; Strumia, A.; Urbano, A.; Xue, W. (2018). "Dark matter in the standard model?". Physical Review D 98 (6): 063005. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.98.063005. Bibcode: 2018PhRvD..98f3005G. 
  22. ↑ Farrar, G. R. (2003). "A Stable H-Dibaryon: Dark Matter, Candidate Within QCD?". International Journal of Theoretical Physics 42 (6): 1211–1218. doi:10.1023/A:1025702431127. 
  23. ↑ Farrar, G. R. (4 July 2019). "Stable Sexaquark: Dark Matter predictions, constraints and lab detection". Quy Nhon Workshop. http://vietnam.in2p3.fr/2019/longlived/transparencies/03_thursday/01_morning/01_farrar.pdf. 
  24. ↑ Azizi, K.; Agaev, S. S.; Sundu, H. (2020). "The Scalar Hexaquark uuddss: a Candidate to Dark Matter?". Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 47 (9): 095001. doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ab9a0e. Bibcode: 2020JPhG...47i5001A. 
  25. ↑ Lyu, Yan; Tong, Hui; Sugiura, Takuya; Aoki, Sinya; Doi, Takumi; Hatsuda, Tetsuo; Meng, Jie; Miyamoto, Takaya (2021-08-11). "Dibaryon with Highest Charm Number near Unitarity from Lattice QCD". Physical Review Letters 127 (7): 072003. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.072003. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.072003. 
  26. ↑ "Exotic six-quark particle predicted by supercomputers" (in en). https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/rr/20211210_1/index.html. 



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