Chemistry:Ammonium iodide

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Ammonium iodide
The ammonium cation
The ammonium cation
The iodide anion
The iodide anion
ball-and-stick model of an ammonium cation (left) and an iodide anion (right)
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
UNII
Properties
NH4I
Molar mass 144.94 g/mol
Appearance White crystalline powder
Density 2.51 g/cm3
Melting point 551 °C (1,024 °F; 824 K) (sublimes)
Boiling point 235 °C (455 °F; 508 K) (in vacuum)
155 g/100 mL (0 °C)
172 g/100 mL (20 °C)
250 g/100 mL (100 °C)
−66.0×10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondFlammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterHealth code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
0
2
0
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
 Ammonium fluoride
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium bromide
Other cations
 Sodium iodide
Potassium iodide
Phosphonium iodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
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Ammonium iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula NH4I. It is an ionic compound. It takes the form of a white solid, though impure samples appear yellow. This salt consists of ammonium cation and an iodide anion.[1] It can be prepared by the action of hydroiodic acid on ammonia. It is easily soluble in water, from which it crystallizes in cubes. It is also soluble in ethanol.[2]

Structure

Ammonium iodide is a salt that crystallizes in a motif akin those for the alkali metal iodides and most other ammonium halides. Several phases have been characterized, which are similar but not identical to those of ammonium chloride.[3]

Under pressure, the compound melts congruently.

Preparation

Ammonium iodide can be made in lab by treating ammonia with iodine and the reductant hydrogen peroxide:[4]

2 NH
3 + I
2 + H
2O
2 → 2 NHI + O
2

Uses

Ammonium iodide is used as a dietary supplement to treat iodine deficiency.[5]

Properties and reactions

Vinyl sulfones have been prepared using ammonium iodide.[6]

In green chemistry, ammonium iodide and an oxidant (e.g., H2O2) iodinate ketones and aromatic compounds.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. Inorganic Chemistry Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
  2. ↑ Kirk-Othmer, ed (2001-01-26) (in en). Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0113131523051920.a01.pub2. ISBN 978-0-471-48494-3. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/0471238961. 
  3. ↑ Pistorius, Carl W.F.T. (1976). "Phase relations and structures of solids at high pressures". Progress in Solid State Chemistry 11: 1–151. doi:10.1016/0079-6786(76)90012-1. 
  4. ↑ M. Schmeisser (1963). "Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine". in G. Brauer. Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed.. 1pages=289. NY,NY: Academic Press. 
  5. ↑ "Ammonium Iodide: Benefits, Risks, and Safety in Dietary Supplements" (in en). https://www.digicomply.com/dietary-supplements-database/ammonium-iodide. 
  6. ↑ Gao, Xiaofang; Pan, Xiaojun; Gao, Jian; Huang, Huawen; Yuan, Gaoqing; Li, Yingwei (2015). "Ammonium iodide-induced sulfonylation of alkenes with DMSO and water toward the synthesis of vinyl methyl sulfones" (in en). Chemical Communications 51 (1): 210–212. doi:10.1039/C4CC07606K. PMID 25406694. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2015/cc/c4cc07606k. 
  7. ↑ Kulkarni, Pramod; Kondhare, Dasharath; Varala, Ravi; Zubaidha, Pudukulathan (2013). "Cyclization of 2′-hydroxychalcones to flavones using ammonium iodide as an iodine source: An eco-friendly approach". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78 (7): 909–916. doi:10.2298/jsc120901119k. ISSN 0352-5139. 
HI He
LiI BeI2 BI3 CI4 NI3 I2O4,
I2O5,
I4O9 		IF,
IF3,
IF5,
IF7 		Ne
NaI MgI2 AlI3 SiI4 PI3,
P2I4 		S ICl,
ICl3 		Ar
KI CaI2 Sc TiI4 VI3 CrI3 MnI2 FeI2 CoI2 NiI2 CuI ZnI2 Ga2I6 GeI2,
GeI4 		AsI3 Se IBr Kr
RbI SrI2 YI3 ZrI4 NbI5 Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd AgI CdI2 InI3 SnI4,
SnI2 		SbI3 TeI4 I Xe
CsI BaI2   HfI4 TaI5 W Re Os Ir Pt AuI Hg2I2,
HgI2 		TlI PbI2 BiI3 Po AtI Rn
Fr RaI2   Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
↓
La Ce Pr Nd Pm SmI2 Eu Gd TbI3 Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Ac ThI4 Pa UI3,
UI4 		Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf EsI3 Fm Md No Lr



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