Chemistry:Magnesium iodide

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Magnesium iodide
Magnesium-iodide-unit-cell-3D-balls.png
Magnesium-iodide-xtal-3D-ionic.png
Magnesium-iodide-xtal-layer-stacking-3D-balls-A.png
Magnesium-iodide-xtal-single-layer-3D-balls.png
Names
IUPAC name
Magnesium iodide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
EC Number
  • 233-825-1
UNII
Properties
  • MgI
    2     (anhydrous)
  • MgI
    2     · 6H2O     (hexahydrate)
  • MgI
    2     · 8H2O     (octahydrate)[1]
Molar mass
  • 278.1139 g/mol (anhydrous)
  • 386.2005 g/mol (hexahydrate)
  • 422.236 g/mol (octahydrate)
Appearance white crystalline solid
Odor odorless
Density
  • 4.43 g/cm3 (anhydrous solid)
  • 2.353 g/cm3 (hexahydrate solid)
  • 2.098 g/cm3 (octahydrate solid)
Melting point 637 °C (1,179 °F; 910 K) (anhydrous, decomposes)
41 °C (octahydrate, decomposes)
Solubility soluble in ether, alcohol and ammonia
−111.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Thermochemistry
74 J/(mol·K)
134 J/(mol·K)
−364 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS pictograms GHS07: Harmful
GHS Signal word Warning
H315, H319
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Related compounds
Other anions
Other cations
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
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Magnesium iodide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula MgI
2. It forms various hydrates MgI
2 · xH
2O. Magnesium iodide is a salt of magnesium and hydrogen iodide. These salts are typical ionic halides, being highly soluble in water.

Uses

Magnesium iodide has few commercial uses, but can be used to prepare compounds for organic synthesis.

Preparation

Magnesium iodide can be prepared from magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium carbonate by treatment with hydroiodic acid:[2]

MgO + 2 HI → MgI
2 + H
2O
Mg(OH)
2 + 2 HI → MgI
2 + 2 H
2O
MgCO
3 + 2 HI → MgI
2 + CO
2 + H
2O

Reactions

Magnesium iodide is stable at high heat under a hydrogen atmosphere, but decomposes in air at normal temperatures, turning brown from the release of elemental iodine. When heated in air, it decomposes completely to magnesium oxide.[3]

Another method to prepare MgI
2 is mixing powdered elemental iodine and magnesium metal. In order to obtain anhydrous MgI
2, the reaction should be conducted in a strictly anhydrous atmosphere; dry-diethyl ether can be used as a solvent.

Usage of magnesium iodide in the Baylis-Hillman reaction tends to give (Z)-vinyl compounds.[4]

Demethylation of certain aromatic methyl ethers can be afforded using magnesium iodide in diethyl ether.[5]

References

  1. ↑ Perry, Dale L.; Phillips, Sidney L. (1995), Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, CRC Press, pp. 240, ISBN 0-8493-8671-3, https://books.google.com/books?id=0fT4wfhF1AsC&q=%22magnesium+iodide%22&pg=PA240, retrieved 2007-12-09 
  2. ↑ Patnaik, Pradyot (2003), Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals, McGraw-Hill Professional, pp. 527–528, ISBN 0-07-049439-8, https://books.google.com/books?id=Xqj-TTzkvTEC&q=%22magnesium+iodide%22&pg=RA1-PA527, retrieved 2007-12-09 
  3. ↑ Wilsmore, N. T. M. (1891). "Note on Magnesium Iodide". in James Hector. Sydney: The Association. pp. 116. https://books.google.com/books?id=ktw4AAAAMAAJ&q=%22magnesium+iodide%22&pg=PA116. Retrieved 2007-12-09. 
  4. ↑ Tietze, Lutz-Friedjan; Brasche, Gordon; Gericke, Kersten (2006), "Domino Reactions in Organic Synthesis", Chemical Reviews (Wiley-VCH) 96 (1): 115–136, doi:10.1021/cr950027e, ISBN 3-527-29060-5, PMID 11848746, https://books.google.com/books?id=qijhLyZ6SokC&q=%22magnesium+iodide%22+reactions&pg=PA59, retrieved 2007-12-09 
  5. ↑ Yamaguchi, Seiji; Nedachi, Masahiro; Yokoyama, Hajime; Hirai, Yoshiro (October 1999). "Regioselective demethylation of 2,6-dimethoxybenzaldehydes with magnesium iodide etherate". Tetrahedron Letters 40 (41): 7363–7365. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(99)01411-2. 
HI He
LiI BeI2 BI3 CI4 NI3 I2O4,
I2O5,
I4O9 		IF,
IF3,
IF5,
IF7 		Ne
NaI MgI2 AlI3 SiI4 PI3,
P2I4 		S ICl,
ICl3 		Ar
KI CaI2 Sc TiI4 VI3 CrI3 MnI2 FeI2 CoI2 NiI2 CuI ZnI2 Ga2I6 GeI2,
GeI4 		AsI3 Se IBr Kr
RbI SrI2 YI3 ZrI4 NbI5 Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd AgI CdI2 InI3 SnI4,
SnI2 		SbI3 TeI4 I Xe
CsI BaI2   HfI4 TaI5 W Re Os Ir Pt AuI Hg2I2,
HgI2 		TlI PbI2 BiI3 Po AtI Rn
Fr RaI2   Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
↓
La Ce Pr Nd Pm SmI2 Eu Gd TbI3 Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Ac ThI4 Pa UI3,
UI4 		Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf EsI3 Fm Md No Lr



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