Chemistry:Nickel(II) iodide

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Nickel(II) iodide
Nickel(II) iodide hexahydrate, NiI2•6H2O
Nickel(II) iodide
Names
IUPAC name
Nickel(II) iodide
Other names
Nickelous iodide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
UNII
Properties
I2Ni
Molar mass 312.5023 g·mol−1
Appearance iron-black solid (anhydrous)
bluish-green solid (hexahydrate)
Density 5.384 g/cm3
Melting point 780 °C (1,440 °F; 1,050 K) (anhydrous)
43 °C (hexahydrate, loses water)
124.2 g/100 mL (0 °C)
188.2 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility alcohols
+3875.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterHealth code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
0
2
0
Related compounds
Other anions
 nickel(II) chloride, nickel(II) bromide, nickel(II) fluoride
Other cations
 cobalt iodide, copper iodide,
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Nickel(II) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula NiI2. This paramagnetic black solid dissolves readily in water to give bluish-green solutions,[1] from which crystallizes the aquo complex [Ni(H2O)6]I2 (image above).[2] This bluish-green colour is typical of hydrated nickel(II) compounds. Nickel iodides find some applications in homogeneous catalysis.

Structure and synthesis

The anhydrous material crystallizes in the CdCl2 motif, featuring octahedral coordination geometry at each Ni(II) center. NiI2 is prepared by dehydration of the pentahydrate.[3]

NiI2 readily hydrates, and the hydrated form can be prepared by dissolution of nickel oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate in hydroiodic acid. The anhydrous form can be produced by treating powdered nickel with iodine.[4]

Applications in catalysis

NiI2 has some industrial applications as a catalyst in carbonylation reactions.[5] It is also has niche uses as a reagent in organic synthesis, especially in conjunction with samarium(II) iodide.[6]

Like many nickel complexes, those derived from hydrated nickel iodide have been used in cross coupling.[7] File:NiI2 scheme.tif

References

  1. ↑ Lide, D. R., ed (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. 
  2. ↑ Louër, Michele; Grandjean, Daniel; Weigel, Dominique (1973). "Structure Cristalline et Expansion Thermique de l'Iodure de Nickel Hexahydrate" (Crystal structure and thermal expansion of nickel(II) iodide hexahydrate)". Journal of Solid State Chemistry 7: 222–8. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(73)90157-6. 
  3. ↑ Ward, Laird G. L. (1972). "Anhydrous Nickel(II) Halides and their Tetrakis(ethanol) and 1,2‐Dimethoxyethane Complexes". Anhydrous Nickel (II) Halides and their Tetrakis(Ethanol) and 1,2-Dimethoxyethane Complexes. Inorganic Syntheses. 13. pp. 154–164. doi:10.1002/9780470132449.ch30. ISBN 9780470132449. 
  4. ↑ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1990) (in de). Chemie der Elemente. Weinheim. p. 1476. ISBN 978-3-527-26169-7. OCLC 46170372. 
  5. ↑ W. Bertleff, M. Roeper, X. Sava, "Carbonylation" in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003. doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_217.
  6. ↑ Shinichi Saito (2008). "Nickel(II) Iodide". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn00843. ISBN 978-0471936237. 
  7. ↑ Everson, Daniel A.; Shrestha, Ruja; Weix, Daniel J. (2010-01-27). "Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides with Alkyl Halides". Journal of the American Chemical Society 132 (3): 920–921. doi:10.1021/ja9093956. PMID 20047282. 
HI He
LiI BeI2 BI3 CI4 NI3 I2O4,
I2O5,
I4O9 		IF,
IF3,
IF5,
IF7 		Ne
NaI MgI2 AlI3 SiI4 PI3,
P2I4 		S ICl,
ICl3 		Ar
KI CaI2 Sc TiI4 VI3 CrI3 MnI2 FeI2 CoI2 NiI2 CuI ZnI2 Ga2I6 GeI2,
GeI4 		AsI3 Se IBr Kr
RbI SrI2 YI3 ZrI4 NbI5 Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd AgI CdI2 InI3 SnI4,
SnI2 		SbI3 TeI4 I Xe
CsI BaI2   HfI4 TaI5 W Re Os Ir Pt AuI Hg2I2,
HgI2 		TlI PbI2 BiI3 Po AtI Rn
Fr RaI2   Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
↓
La Ce Pr Nd Pm SmI2 Eu Gd TbI3 Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Ac ThI4 Pa UI3,
UI4 		Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf EsI3 Fm Md No Lr



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