Engineering:Convair 880

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Short description: American four-engine jet airliner (1960–1990s)
Convair 880
Convair 880 N8802E Delta ATL 15.04.72 edited-2.jpg
The Convair 880 is a low-wing airliner with four underwing turbojets.
Role Narrow-body jet airliner
National origin United States
Manufacturer Convair
First flight January 27, 1959
Introduction May 1960 with Delta Air Lines
Retired 1998
Status Retired
Primary users Trans World Airlines
Delta Air Lines
Japan Airlines
Swissair
Produced 1959–1962
Number built 65
Variants Convair 990 Coronado

The Convair 880 is a retired American narrow-body jet airliner produced by the Convair division of General Dynamics. It was designed to compete with the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8 by being smaller but faster, a niche that failed to create demand. When it was first introduced, some[who?] in aviation circles claimed that at 615 mph (990 km/h), it was the fastest jet transport in the world.[1]Template:Better reference needed Only 65 Convair 880s were produced over the lifetime of the production run from 1959 to 1962, and General Dynamics eventually withdrew from the airliner market after considering the 880 project a failure. The Convair 990 Coronado was a stretched and faster variant of the 880.

Development

A Convair 880 prototype. The model made its maiden flight on 27 January 1959.

Convair began development of a medium-range commercial jet in April 1956, to compete with announced products from Boeing and Douglas. Initially the design was called the Skylark, but the name was later changed to the Golden Arrow, then Convair 600 and then finally the 880, both numbers referring to its top speed of 600 mph (970 km/h) or 880 ft/s (268 m/s). It was powered by General Electric CJ-805-3 turbojets, a civilian version of the J79 which powered the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom,[2] and Convair B-58 Hustler.

The first example of the Model 22 FAA Type Certificate,[3] initial production version (no prototype was built) made its maiden flight on 27 January 1959.[2] After production started, the Federal Aviation Administration mandated additional instrumentation, which Convair added by placing a "raceway" hump on the top of the fuselage, rather than ripping apart the interiors over the wing area. The final assembly of the 880 and 990 took place at the Convair facilities in San Diego, California.[4]

Design

Convair 880 cockpit

The airliner never became widely used, and the production line shut down after only three years. The 880's five-abreast seating made it unattractive to airlines, while Boeing was able to outcompete it with the Boeing 720, which could be sold at a significantly lower price, as it was a minimal modification of the existing 707. In addition, the General Electric engines had a higher specific fuel consumption than the Boeing's Pratt & Whitney JT3Cs.

General Dynamics lost around $185 million over the lifetime of the project, although some sources estimate much higher losses.[citation needed] The aircraft were involved in 17 accidents and five hijackings.

A modified version of the basic 880 was the "-M" version, which incorporated four leading-edge slats per wing, Krueger leading-edge flaps between the fuselage and inboard engines, power-boosted rudder, added engine thrust, increased fuel capacity, stronger landing gear, greater adjustment to seating pitch, and a simpler overhead compartment arrangement.[5]

A more major modification to the 880 became the Convair 990, produced in parallel with the 880-M between 1961 and 1963. Swissair named theirs Coronado, after an island off the San Diego coast and where the first 990 landed.[5]

Operational history

The 880 entered service with Delta Air Lines in May 1960.

The design entered service with Delta Air Lines in May 1960, slightly modified as the 880-22M, having newer-version 805-3B engines. The 880s were flown by Cathay Pacific, Delta, Japan Airlines, Northeast Airlines, Swissair, TWA, and VIASA.

As they left commercial service, many 880s were bought by American Jet Industries for various uses. One example was converted to freighter use in 1974, and flew until 1982 with various companies. Another was used to train FAA flight examiners until it was destroyed by a minor explosion in the cargo hold in 1995. Most of the remaining examples were scrapped by 2000.

The United States Navy acquired one 880-M in 1980, modifying it as an in-flight tanker. It had been purchased new from Convair by the FAA, and used for 18 years.[5] Unofficially designated UC-880, it was assigned to the Naval Air Test Center at NAS Patuxent River, Maryland, and employed in Tomahawk cruise missile testing and aircraft refueling procedures. The UC-880 was damaged in a cargo-hold explosive decompression test at NAS Patuxent River, Maryland, in 1995.[6] The aircraft was judged to still have been controllable using backup systems had the decompression occurred in flight.[5]

Operators

Lounge interior of Trans World Airlines, the 880 major operator

Civil operators

(♠ = original operators)

Military operators

The Convair UC-880 refuelling an F-14 Tomcat
 United States
  • United States Navy – one Convair UC-880 testbed/Aerial refueling

Accidents and incidents

  • On May 23, 1960, Delta Air Lines Flight 1903, a CV-880-22-1 (N8804E), crashed on takeoff at Atlanta Municipal Airport (now Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport), resulting in the loss of all four crew members. This flight was to be a training sortie for two Delta captains who were being type-rated on the 880. At rotation, the aircraft pitched nose up, rolled left, and then back more steeply to the right, at which time it struck the ground, broke apart, and was consumed by a fire.[23]
  • On August 26, 1966, a Japan Air Lines CV-880-22M-3 (JA8030) crashed on takeoff from Haneda Airport during a training flight, killing all five crew members. When the nose lifted up, the aircraft yawed to the left, for reasons unknown. The number one engine struck the runway and the aircraft left the runway and the nose went back down. All four engines separated, as well as the nose and left main gear, and the aircraft caught fire. The aircraft was leased from Japan Domestic Airlines.[24]
  • On November 5, 1967, Cathay Pacific Flight 033, a CV-880-22M-3 (VR-HFX) overran the runway on takeoff from Kai Tak Airport following a loss of control after the right nosewheel blew, killing 1 of 127 on board.[25]
  • On November 20, 1967, TWA Flight 128 crashed on approach to Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport. Seventy people were killed and twelve survived.[26]
  • On June 24, 1969, Japan Air Lines Flight 90, a CV-880-22M-3 (JA8028, Kikyo), crashed on takeoff from Grant County Airport, Washington (state) , killing three of the five crew members. The flight was to simulate a takeoff with one engine out. Power was reduced to the number four engine during takeoff, but the aircraft continued to yaw to the right until the number four engine struck the runway. The aircraft slid off the runway and caught fire.[27]
  • On June 15, 1972, a bomb exploded on board Cathay Pacific Flight 700Z over Pleiku, South Vietnam, killing all 81 passengers and crew on board.[28]
  • On December 20, 1972, North Central Airlines Flight 575, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31, collided during its takeoff roll with Delta Air Lines Flight 954, a Convair 880 (N8807E), as the Convair 880 taxied across the runway at O'Hare International Airport in Chicago, Illinois. Only two people on the Convair 880 were injured, but 10 people died and 15 were injured on board the DC-9.[29]
  • On August 20, 1977, a Monarch Aviation CV-880-22-2 (N8817E) struck trees and crashed shortly after takeoff from Juan Santamaria International Airport, Costa Rica, due to overloading, killing the three crew.[30]
  • On November 3, 1980, a Latin Carga CV-880-22-2 (YV-145C) crashed on takeoff from Simon Bolivar International Airport, Caracas, Venezuela, during a crew training flight, killing the four crew.[31]
  • On May 11, 1983, a Groth Air CV-880-22-2 (N880SR) burned out at Juarez International Airport, Mexico City.[32]
  • In October 1986, an FAA CV-880-22M-3 (N5863) was intentionally destroyed in a test with anti-misting kerosene fuel additive at Mojave, California.[33]

Surviving aircraft

Elvis' Convair 880, named Lisa Marie after his daughter
  • 1 – Cockpit on display at the Delta Flight Museum in Atlanta, Georgia[34]
  • 3 – Forward fuselage on display at the Aviation Hall of Fame and Museum of New Jersey in Teterboro, New Jersey.[35][36] It is on loan from Scroggins Aviation.[37]
  • 23 – Forward fuselage on display at the Tillamook Air Museum in Tillamook, Oregon. It is on loan from Scroggins Aviation.[38][39][40]
  • 35 – Complete aircraft in storage at Scroggins Aviation in Mojave, California.[41]
  • 38 –Lisa Marie – On display at Graceland in Memphis, Tennessee:[42][43] Formerly N8809E with Delta, Elvis Presley purchased the aircraft in 1975 and named it after his daughter.[44][45] In January 2015, it was put up for sale and eventually bought back by Elvis Presley Enterprises and displayed as part of the Presley Museum collection.[46]
  • 58 – Converted into a lodge in East London, South Africa:[47] This airframe was converted into a business jet in the 1970s (registration N88CH). It was purchased by the Ciskei government in 1987 intended for use by president Lennox Sebe, but remained at Bhisho Airport for several years due to a lack of funds to make it airworthy. In 1992, it was bought by Billy Nel (now Eastern Cape Provincial Finance MEC), who had it transported to his private residence north of East London, South Africa. The 1970s, VIP interior with couches, beds and a bar remain intact and it is used for private functions. One of the engines was donated to the Stutterheim Engine Museum.[6][48]

Specifications

The 880 was powered by four underwing General Electric CJ-805 turbojets.
Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66[49]
Variant 22 22M
Crew 3
Capacity 110 passengers / 24,000 lb (11,000 kg)
Length 129 ft 4 in (39.42 m)
Height 36 ft 3.75 in (11.07 m)
Wing 120 ft 0 in (36.58 m) span, 2,000 sq ft (190 m2) area (7.2 AR)
Airfoil root: NACA 0011-64 (modified); tip: NACA 0008-64 (modified)
Empty weight 87,400 lb (39,600 kg) 94,000 lb (43,000 kg)
Fuel capacity 10,584 US gal (40,060 L) 12,538 US gal (47,460 L) [lower-alpha 1]
MTOW 184,500 lb (83,700 kg) 193,000 lb (88,000 kg)
4 × turbojets General Electric CJ-805-3 General Electric CJ-805-3B
Unit thrust 11,650 lbf (51.8 kN)
Cruise 470–534.5 kn (870–990 km/h) [lower-alpha 2]
Ceiling 41,000 ft (12,000 m)
Range 2,472 nmi (4,578 km)[lower-alpha 3] 2,503 nmi (4,636 km)[lower-alpha 4]
Wing loading 92.25 lb/sq ft (450.4 kg/m2) 96.5 lb/sq ft (471 kg/m2)
Take-off 8,750 ft (2,670 m) 7,550 ft (2,300 m)
Landing[lower-alpha 5] 6,250 ft (1,900 m) 5,350 ft (1,630 m)
  1. ↑ with optional centre-section tanks
  2. ↑ max. cruise at 22,500 ft (6,900 m) (at MTOW), econ. cruise M0.82 at 35,000 ft (11,000 m) and 140,000 lb (64,000 kg) weight
  3. ↑ 22,500 lb (10,200 kg) payload and 14,000 lb (6,400 kg) reserve fuel
  4. ↑ 24,000 lb (11,000 kg) payload and 16,000 lb (7,300 kg) reserve fuel
  5. ↑ at 135,000 lb (61,000 kg)

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Related lists

References

  1. ↑ "Here's Convair's 880 – the Fastest Jet Transport in the World?". Popular Mechanics (Hearst Magazines) III (3): 87. March 1959. https://books.google.com/books?id=vtsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA87. Retrieved 13 Oct 2022. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Wegg, John (1990). General Dynamics aircraft and their predecessors (1st ed.). Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. pp. 214–217. ISBN 0-87021-233-8. https://archive.org/details/generaldynamicsa00wegg. 
  3. ↑ FAA (June 2012). "MODEL 22 and 22M TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO 4A27". DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION. https://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/ccf0e6fb20dba58786257a1e005d5f6a/$FILE/4A27_Rev_11.pdf. 
  4. ↑ Pourade, Richard F.. "City of the Dream, 1940–1970". https://sandiegohistory.org/archives/books/citydream/ch8/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Proctor, Jon (1996). Convair 880 & 990 (First ed.). Miami: World Transport Press. ISBN 0-9626730-4-8. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lockett, Brian. "Goleta Air & Space Museum : Convair 880". http://www.air-and-space.com/Convair%20880.htm. 
  7. ↑ https://www.airliners.net, photo of Air Malta Convair 880
  8. ↑ https://www.airliners.net, photo of Bahamas World Convair 880
  9. ↑ https://www.airliners.net, photo of Flying Fish Company Convair 880
  10. ↑ "Holiday Magic Finland". ATDB-aero. http://www.aerotransport.org/php/go.php?query=operator&where=103618&luck=. 
  11. ↑ https://www.airliners.net, photo of Jetaway Travel Club Convair 880
  12. ↑ https://www.airliners.net, photo of Jonian Airlines Convair 880
  13. ↑ https://www.airliners.net, photo of NASA Convair 880
  14. ↑ https://www.airliners.net, photo of Onyx Aviation Convair 880
  15. ↑ https://www.airliners.net, photo of Pan West Convair 880
  16. ↑ https://www.airliners.net, photo of Profit Express Convair 880
  17. ↑ https://www.airliners.net, photo of Pan West Convair 880
  18. ↑ https://www.airliners.net, photo of Rowan Drilling Convair 880
  19. ↑ https://www.airliners.net, photo of Torco Drilling Co. Convair 880
  20. ↑ https://www.airliners.net, photo of Sunfari Travel Club Convair 880
  21. ↑ https://www.airliners.net, photo of SunJet International Convair 880
  22. ↑ https://www.airliners.net, photo of WINGS Convair 880
  23. ↑ Accident description for N8804E at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 16 December 2010.
  24. ↑ Accident description for JA8030 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 30 June 2017.
  25. ↑ Accident description for VR-HFX at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 30 June 2017.
  26. ↑ "Aircraft Accident Report Trans World Airlines, Inc., Convair 880, N821TW, Constance, Kentucky, November 20, 1967". National Transportation Safety Board Report Number NTSB-AAR-69-05. http://aviation-safety.net/get.php?http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/ntsb/aircraft-accident-reports/AAR69-05.pdf. 
  27. ↑ Accident description for JA8028 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 30 June 2017.
  28. ↑ Criminal description for VR-HFZ at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 19 May 2010.
  29. ↑ Aircraft Accident Report North Central Airlines, Inc., McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31, N954N, and Delta Air Lines, Inc., Convair CV-880, N8807E, O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, Illinois, December 20, 1972 : NTSB-AAR-73-15. Washington D.C.: NTSB. 5 July 1973. http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/ntsb/aircraft-accident-reports/AAR73-15.pdf. Retrieved 9 May 2019. 
  30. ↑ Accident description for N8817E at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 30 June 2017.
  31. ↑ Accident description for YV-145C at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 30 June 2017.
  32. ↑ Hull-loss description for N880SR at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 30 June 2017.
  33. ↑ Accident description for N5863 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 30 June 2017.
  34. ↑ "Convair 880 Prototype". http://www.deltamuseum.org/exhibits/exhibits/aircraft/prototype-convair-880. 
  35. ↑ "Ship 3". ConvairJet.com. 21 September 2007. http://www.convairjet.com/ship_3.html. 
  36. ↑ "Aircraft N801AJ Data". Airport-Data.com. http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/N801AJ.html. 
  37. ↑ Air Classics May, Vol. 54/No. 5, (2018)"Saving the Last Convair Jetliners – by Ralph M. Pettersen"
  38. ↑ "Convair 880, serial no. 23, N817TW". ConvairJet.com. http://www.convairjet.com/CV880_cn23.html. 
  39. ↑ Bell, Diane (28 September 2018). "Column: Ghost of Convair jet rises from desert graveyard, returns to public view". San Diego Union-Tribune. http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/columnists/diane-bell/sd-me-bell-convair-20180929-story.html. 
  40. ↑ "CONVAIR 880 ARRIVES AT THE AIR MUSEUM". 31 August 2018. http://www.coastalzephyr.com/news/conair-880-arrives-at-the-air-museum. 
  41. ↑ "Convair 880, serial no. 35, N815AJ". ConvairJet.com. http://www.convairjet.com/CV880_cn35.html. 
  42. ↑ "Other Graceland Museums & Exhibits". Elvis Presley Enterprises, Inc.. http://www.graceland.com/visit/graceland_experience/museums_exhibits.aspx. 
  43. ↑ "Airframe Dossier – Convair CV-880-22-2, c/n 22-00-38, c/r N880EP". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=18512. 
  44. ↑ Proctor, John (September 1996). Convair 880 and 990. ISBN 9780962673047. 
  45. ↑ "'The Lisa Marie': Elvis Presley's Convair 880 Jet Airplane | Lisa Marie Presley" (in en). https://www.elvis.com.au/presley/lisa-marie-convair-880-jet-airplane.shtml. 
  46. ↑ "BBC News – Elvis Presley's private jets up for sale". BBC Online. https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-30658802. 
  47. ↑ "Convair 880 N88CH at Shadow Park Lodge » 2005-11-16". Aviation Pics. http://www.aviationpics.co.za/gallery-aviation-pics.php?cat_id=1068a4ab768bea6f0422d65a8e3137ed&subcat_id=d8d569094684f2cad05c79cdb2111c08. 
  48. ↑ Hollands, Barbara. "Down by the river with Billy Nel, the collector king of boys’ toys." weekendpost.co.za, January 29, 2005. Retrieved: May 19, 2010.
  49. ↑ Taylor, John W.R., ed (1965). Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1965–66. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd.. pp. 232–233. 

Further reading

External links



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