List of instruction sets

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A list of computer central processor instruction sets:
(By alphabetical order by its manufacturer.)

Advanced Digital Chips Inc.

  • EISC:[1] (AE32K) 32-bit embedded core

Altera (later, Intel)

  • Nios II:[2] 32-bit RISC, CPU core optimized for implementation in Altera FPGAs

AMD

  • AM29000 (112 Instructions):[3] RISC
  • AMD extensions to x86
    • 3DNow! (21 instructions):[4] An extension for floating-point arithmetic
    • 3DNow! Extensions (5 instructions):[5]:316 An extension for 3DNow!.
    • ABM - Advanced Bit Manipulation
    • SSE4a – streaming SIMD extensions 4a
    • SSE5 – streaming SIMD extensions 5 (170 instructions, proposal)
    • F16C - FP16 conversion operations, a revision of part of the proposed SSE5
    • XOP - eXtended Operations, a revision of part of the proposed SSE5
    • TBM - Trailing Bit Manipulation
  • AMD64:[5][6][7][8][9][10] 64-bit extension of x86, originally named x86-64, adopted by Intel

Analog Devices, Inc. (ADI)

Apollo Computer Inc.

ARC International (later, Synopsys)

  • ARC:[13] Pre-configurable core
  • ARCompact
  • ARCtangent

Arm

AT&T (later, Lucent then Agere then LSI, then Avago and Intel)

For StarCore DSP architecture, refer to Motorola section.

Atmel

Axis Communications

Burroughs (later, Unisys)

Cambridge Consultants / Cambridge Silicon Radio (later, CSR plc)

CDC (Control Data Corporation)

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

  • CSIRAC

Cray Research, Inc. (later, Silicon Graphics, Inc., then Cray Inc.)

Cypress

  • M8C Core: 8-bit MCU PSoC 1

Data General

DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation)

Donald Knuth

Introduced in the textbook of Prof. Donald Knuth

DSP Group (later, CEVA, Inc.)

DSP Group and Parthus Technologies plc were merged into CEVA, Inc. in 2002.

  • Oak DSP Core
  • Teak Series
    • Teak DSP Core
    • TeakLite DSP Core
    • CEVA-TeakLite-4
  • CEVA-X
  • CEVA-XC
  • CEVA-XC4000
  • CEVA-XM4

Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation (later, Remington Rand then Sperry then Unisys)

  • UNIVAC 1: The first commercial computer produced in the United States

Elliott Brothers

EnSilica

  • eSi-RISC

Fairchild

Fujitsu (later, Cypress)

  • FR Series: 32-bit RISC MCU
    • FR30/FR60 Family ()[33]
    • FR80/FR81 Family ():[34] Some instructions are removed and added against FR30 and FR60.
  • FR-V: VLIW and vector processor based RISC
  • F2MC Series
    • F2MC-16 Family ():[35] 16-bit MCU
    • F2MC-8L/F2MC-8FX Family ():[36] 8-bit MCU

General Electric (later, Honeywell, then Honeywell/Bull, and then NEC Corporation)

  • GE-200 series:[37] Small main frame, 20-bit word machine
  • GE-400 series:[38] Middle mainframe, 24-bit word machine
  • GE-412:[39] 20-bit word machine
  • GE-600 series/Honeywell 6000 series: Large main frame, 36-bit CISC, word machine, LSB on left
    • GE-625/635[40]
    • GE-645:[41] Multics available
    • Toshiba TOSBAC-5600: GECOS-3 and ACOS-6 available
    • HIS (Honeywell Information Systems) 6025, 6030, 6040, 6050, 6060, 6070, 6080: GCOS available
    • HIS 6180: Multics available
    • HIS Series 60 Level 66 and Level 66/DPS: GCOS available
    • HIS Series 60 Level 68 and Level 68/DPS: Multics available[42]
    • HIS DPS-8: GCOS available
    • HIS DPS-8M: Multics available[42]
    • Honeywell Bull DPS-88: GCOS available
    • Honeywell Bull DPS-8000:[43] GCOS available
    • NEC ACOS Series 77 System 600, 700, 600S, 800, 900:[44] Succeeded Toshiba's business. GCOS-3 and ACOS-6 available
    • NEC ACOS System 1000 (HIS DPS90), 2000 (HIS DPS/9000), 3900 (HIS DPS/9000-900):[45] ACOS-6 and GCOS-8 available, No Multics

General Instrument Microelectornics (later, Microchip Technology Incorporated)

The company was established as a subsidiary of General Instrument in 1987, then became an independent company as Microchip Technology in 1989.

  • CP1600: 16-bit microprocessor
  • SP0256 - Speech processor[46]
  • PIC microcontroller
    • Mid-range PIC[47]
    • PIC16[48]
      • PIC1605: NMOS 8-bit microcontroller, the basis of PIC architecture
    • PIC17[48]
    • PIC18[48]
    • dsPIC30F[49]
    • dsPIC33

Hennessy (,Prof.) and Patterson (,Prof.)

Hewlett-Packard

Hitachi (later, Renesas)

Holtek Semiconductor

  • HT RISC:[56]:24–36 8-bit RISC MCU

Honeywell

These are instruction sets introduced by Honeywell; for the instruction sets from General Electric, refer to the General Electric section.

  • Datamatic 1000,[57] H-400, H-1400, H-800,[58] H-1800,[59] and H-1800-II:[60] 48-bit word machine with 3 address format

IBM

Infineon Technologies AG

INMOS and XMOS

by Prof. David May

Intel

  • 4004 (46 instructions)[86]:288/621
  • 4040 (60 instructions)[86]:218/621
  • 8008 (48 instructions)[86]:420/621
  • 8080 (111 Instructions),[87] 8085 (113 Instructions)[88]
  • 8021 (66 Instructions)[89]
  • 8022 (73 Instructions)[90]
  • MCS-41 (also known as 8041) (87 instructions)[91]
  • MCS-48 (also known as 8048) (93 instructions)[92]
  • MCS-51 (also known as 8051) (111 instructions)[93]:§3[94]:§2[95]
  • iAPX 432[96][97][98][99]
  • i860:[100][101] 32/64-bit VLIW RISC
  • i960 (also known as 80960) (FIX MI core instructions with 11 addressing modes):[102][103] 32-bit RISC
  • IA-64 (also known as Itanium):[104] Originated at Hewlett-Packard (HP), and later jointly developed by HP and Intel
  • x86, See: x86 instruction listings
    • 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286: 16-bit CISC
    • IA-32:[105][106] 32-bit CISC
    • x86-64: 64-bit extension of x86, originally developed by AMD as AMD64[6][7][8][9][10]
      • Intel 64, Intel's version of x86-64
    • Extensions[107]
      • FPU (x87) – Floating-point-unit (FPU) instructions
      • MMX – MMX SIMD instructions
      • MMX Extended – extended MMX SIMD instructions
      • 3DNow! (21 instructions):[4] An extension for floating-point arithmetic (AMD)
      • 3DNow! Extensions (5 instructions):[5]:316 An extension for 3DNow! (AMD)
      • SSE – streaming SIMD extensions (SSE) instructions (70 instructions)
      • SSE2 – streaming SIMD extensions 2 instructions (144 new instructions)
      • SSE3 – streaming SIMD extensions 3 instructions (13 new instructions)
      • SSSE3 – supplemental streaming SIMD extensions (16 instructions)
      • SSE4.1 – streaming SIMD extensions 4, Penryn subset (47 instructions)
      • SSE4.2 – streaming SIMD extensions 4, Nehalem subset (7 instructions)
      • SSE4 – All streaming SIMD extensions 4 instructions (both SSE4.1 and SSE4.2)
      • SSE4a – streaming SIMD extensions 4a (AMD)
      • SSE5 – streaming SIMD extensions 5 (170 instructions, proposal from AMD)
      • F16C - FP16 conversion operations (from AMD), a revision of part of the proposed SSE5
      • XOP - eXtended Operations (AMD), a revision of part of the proposed SSE5
      • ABM - Advanced Bit Manipulation (from AMD)
      • TBM - Trailing Bit Manipulation (AMD)
      • XSAVE – XSAVE instructions
      • AVX – advanced vector extensions instructions
      • FMA – fused multiply-add instructions
      • AES – Advanced Encryption Standard instructions
      • CLMUL – Carry-less mtiply (PCLMULQDQ) instruction
      • Cyrix – Cyrix-specific instructions
      • AMD – AMD-specific instructions (older than K6)
      • SMM – System management mode instructions
      • SVM – Secure virtual machine instructions
      • PadLock – VIA PadLock instructions

IPFlex (later, Tokyo Keiki, Inc.)

Lattice Semiconductor

Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering

Maxim Integrated

MIPS Technologies

  • MIPS architecture
    • MIPS I
    • MIPS II
    • MIPS III
    • MIPS IV[111]
    • MIPS V
    • MIPS16
    • MIPS32
    • MIPS64
    • MDMX
  • Loongson Technology
    Loongson is a Chinese company. In its earlier stage, its architecture was MIPS like because of patents problem until a deal in 2007. In 2011, it formally licensed MIPS32 and MIPS64.
    • Loongson 1: 32-bit MIPS like. Lacking 4 instructions by patent issue.
    • Loongson 3: MIPS64 quad core. Over 200 instructions are added for x86 emulation.

MIT's Lisp machine (later, Symbolics, Inc., then Symbolics)

Mitsubishi Electric (later, Renesas)

  • Mitsubishi D10V[112]
  • Mitsubishi D30V[113]
  • 740 - 8-bit 6502 superset
  • 7700 Family - 16-bit
    • 7700 Series (103 instructions)
    • 7751 Series (109 instructions)
    • 7900 Series (203 instructions):[114] 16-bit MCU

MOS Technology (later, Commodore Semiconductor Group)

  • MOS/CSG 6502:[115] 8-bit CISC
  • MOS/CSG 65CE02: added extra registers and instructions, having 6502 emulation
  • Western Design Center 65816: 16-bit CISC, having 6502 emulation

Motorola (later, Freescale and then NXP Semiconductor)

For the Power Architecture, refer to IBM section.

National Semiconductor

NCR Corporation

NEC Corporation

NEC's semiconductor operations (later, NEC Electronics, then Renesas Electronics)

  • μCOM-1600, also known as μPD768 (93 instructions): 16-bit single-chip CPU released in 1978. Used for NEC System 50 office computer.[137][138]
  • 17K Famiy ():[139]:§3:575/690–665/690 4-bit MCU
  • 75 Family
    • μPD7500: 4-bit MCU
      • μPD7500 set ? (106 instructions)
      • μPD7500 Set A (92 instructions)[140]:52–58
      • μPD7500 Set ? (67 instructions)
    • 75X Series ():[141]:§10[142]:§10 4-bit MCU
    • 75XL Series (): 4-bit MCU
  • μCOM-87 Family
    • μCOM-87 Series (): 8-bit MCU
    • μCOM-87LC Series (): 8-bit MCU
    • μCOM-87AD Series
      • NMOS version (158 instructions):[143]:§13 8-bit MCU
      • CMOS version (159 instructions):[144]:§14 8-bit MCU
  • 78K Family
    • 78K/0 Series: 8-bit MCU. Refer to Renesas section
    • 78K0R Series: 16/8-bit MCU. Refer Renesas RL78 section
    • 78K/0S Series: 8-bit MCU. Refer to Renesas section
    • 78K/1 Series(64 instructions):[145]:§18 8-bit MCU
    • 78K/2 Series(65 instructions):[146]:§18[147]:§20 8-bit MCU
    • 78K/3 Series(111 instructions with macro service):[148]:§18 16/8-bit MCU
    • 78K/4 Series(113 instructions with macro service):[149] 16/8-bit MCU
    • 78K/6 Series ( with macro service): 16-bit MCU
  • V60/V70, V80 (119, 123 instructions):[150] 32-bit CISC, little endian
  • V810/V830:[151] 32-bit RISC, little endian
  • V850: 32-bit RISC, Refer to Renesas section

OpenRISC Community

Parallax, Inc.

PEZY Computing

RCA

  • CDP1802[154]
  • Spectra 70 (System/360 compatible in user mode ("problem state"), not compatible in kernel mode ("supervisor state"))

Renesas

The semiconductor operations of Hitachi and Mitsubishi Electric were transferred to Renesas Technology Corporation on April 1, 2003. In addition, NEC Electronics Corporation, a subsidiary of NEC Corporation, and Renesas Technology were merged into Renesas Electronics Corporation on April 1, 2010.

  • RL78 Family:[155] 8/16-bit CISC MCU, similar ISA to 8-bit 78K/0 legacy CISC, accumulator-based architecture, 2 operand instructions, 1–5 byte non-uniform length instructions, 13 addressing modes, non-orthogonal instruction set, little endian, 3-stage pipeline
    • RL78-S1 Core (74 instructions):[155] 8-bit ALU, 8× 8-bit registers, No register-banks
    • RL78-S2 Core (75 instructions):[155] 16-bit ALU, 8× 8-bit registers, 4× register-banks
    • RL78-S3 Core (81 instructions):[155] 16-bit ALU, multiplication/division/MAC extension
    • 78K0R (80 instructions divided into 15 groups):[156] 75 instructions out of 80 are identical to RL78.
      16-bit ALU, 8× 8-bit registers, 4× register-banks,
  • RX Family:[157]:14PDF8 32-bit CISC MCU, general-purpose-register-based architecture, 2 and 3 operand instructions, 1–8 byte non-uniform length instructions, 16× 32-bit GPRs, highly orthogonal instruction set, bi-endian, optional single precision floating-point arithmetic operations, 5-stage synchronous pipeline
    • RXv1 (90 instructions/10 addressing modes, basic:73, float:8, DSP:9)[158]
    • RXv2 (109 instructions/11 addressing modes, basic:75, float:11, DSP:23)[159]
  • RH850 Family: Upward compatible with V850 ISA, disclosed to Automotive industry customers only
  • V850 Family: 32-bit RISC MCU, general-purpose-register-based architecture, load/store architecture, 2 operand instructions, basically 2-byte and 4-byte 2-way form instructions (having extension), relatively orthogonal instruction sets, branch with interlock, 32× 32-bit GPRs, little endian, optional single and double precision floating-point arithmetic operations, 5- or 7-stage synchronous pipeline
  • SuperH RISC engine Family:[53] 32/64-bit RISC MCU/MPU, general-purpose-register-based architecture, load/store architecture, 2-byte uniform length instruction set, relatively orthogonal instruction sets, branch with delay slots, 16× 32-bit GPRs with partially 2 banks of 8 registers, 1× 32-bit global base register, 2× 32-bit MAC register, 1× 32-bit procedure register, optional 2 banks of 16× 32-bit floating-point registers, optional 2× 40-bit and 6× 32-bit DSP registers, bi-endian, 5- or 7-stage synchronous pipeline
    • SH-1 (56 instructions):[167] 32-bit RISC
    • SH-2 (62 instructions):[167] 32-bit RISC
    • SH2-DSP (154 instructions):[167] 32-bit RISC
    • SH-2A (91 instructions):[168] 32-bit RISC
    • SH2A-FPU (112 instructions):[168] 32-bit RISC
    • SH-3 (68 instructions):[169] 32-bit RISC
    • SH-3E (84 instructions):[169] 32-bit RISC
    • SH3-DSP (160 instructions):[169] 32-bit RISC
    • SH-4 (93 instructions):[170] 32-bit RISC
    • SH4A (103 instructions):[171] 32-bit RISC
    • SH4AL-DSP (226 instructions):[172] 32 -bit RISC
    • For SH-5 Series, refer to Hitachi section
  • 78K Family:
    • 78K0 Series (48 instructions):[173] 8-bit MCU, accumulator-based architecture, 8× 8-bit registers, 4× register-banks, non-pipelined
    • 78K0S Series (47 instructions):[174] 8-bit simplified version of 78K0, no mul/div insn., no register-bank, etc.[175]
    • For 78K/1, 78K/2, 78K/3, 78K/4, and 78K/6 Series, refer to NEC's semiconductor section.
    • For 78K0R, refer to RL78 section.
  • R8C Family: 16-bit CISC MCU
    • R8C/Tiny Series (89 instructions)[176]
  • M16C Family (106 instructions):[177] 16-bit CISC
  • M32C Family (108 instructions):[178] 16/32-bit CISC MCU, 2 banks of 4 × 16-bit data and 2 × 24-bit address registers
  • M32R Family (83 instructions):[179] 32-bit RISC MCU
    • M32R-FPU (100 instructions):[180] floating-point arithmetic extension
  • H8SX Family ():[181] 32-bit MCU
  • H8S Family ():[182] 32-bit MCU
  • H8 Family
    • H8/300 Series ():[183] 16/8-bit MCU
    • H8/300H Series ():[184] 16/8-bit MCU
    • H8/300L Series ():[185] 16/8-bit MCU
    • For H8/500 Series, refer to Hitachi section
  • 720 Family (135 instruction):[186]:83–139 4-bit MCU, accumulator
  • 740 Family (71 instructions):[187] A 8-bit 6502 superset

Rockwell Collins

Samsung Electronics

  • SAM8

Scenix Semiconductor (later, Ubicom then Qualcomm)

Ubicom was acquired by Qualcomm in 2012.

  • SX Series: 8-bit microcontroller
  • IP Series: 32-bit microprocessor (IP2000, IP8000, etc.)

Signetics

SpaceWire UK

  • Raptor-16:[189] 16-bit CISC

STMicroelectronics (formerly, SGS-Thomson)

For SPC5 Power Architecture Book E product line, refer to IBM section.

  • STM8 (80 instructions, 20 addressing modes):[190] 8-bit MCU
  • ST10 ("FIX-ME" basic instructions and "FIX-ME" MAC instructions):[191] 16-bit MCU
  • ST40 ():[192][193] 32-bit RISC SuperH family SH-4 architecture, jointly developed with Hitachi

Sun Microsystems (later, Oracle)

Tensilica (later, Cadence)

Texas Instruments

UNIVAC (later, Unisys)

  • 1100/2200 series

University of California, Berkeley (UCB) (later, RISC-V Foundation)

University of Cambridge

  • EDSAC: The first practical stored-program computer
  • CAP computer

University of Texas at Austin, and University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign

University of Tokyo

  • TAC:[210] A tube computer developed in 1959

U.S. Military

Xerox

Xilinx

Zilog (later, a subsidiary of IXYS Corporation)

See also

References

  1. ↑ ARK Core (in Korean)
  2. ↑ Nios II Instruction Set Reference
  3. ↑ "Evaluating and Programming the 29K RISC Family". https://www.amd.com/epd/29k/29kprog/29kprog.pdf. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 3DNow! Technology Manual
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Software Optimization Guide for AMD64 Processors
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 AMD64 Architecture Programmer’s Manual Volume 1: Application Programming
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 AMD64 Architecture Programmer’s Manual Volume 2: System Programming
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 AMD64 Architecture Programmer’s Manual Volume 3: General-Purpose and System Instructions
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 AMD64 Architecture Programmer’s Manual Volume 4: 128-Bit and 256-Bit Media Instructions
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 AMD64 Architecture Programmer’s Manual Volume 5: 64-Bit Media and x87 Floating-Point Instructions
  11. ↑ ADSP-2106x SHARC Processor User’s Manual
  12. ↑ ADSP-BF7xx Blackfin+ Processor Programming Reference
  13. ↑ ARC Programmers Reference Manual, ARC International
  14. ↑ ARM Software Development Toolkit Reference Manual, Advanced RISC Machines Ltd
  15. ↑ ARM Thumb
  16. ↑ ARM DSP
  17. ↑ ARM Thumb-2
  18. ↑ "ARM TrustZone - Open Virtualization FAQ". http://www.openvirtualization.org/open-source-arm-trustzone.html. 
  19. ↑ ARM SIMD
  20. ↑ "Technologies | NEON - Arm Developer". https://developer.arm.com/technologies/neon. 
  21. ↑ WE DSP16A Digital Signal Processor, 1998
  22. ↑ ATT2100 Microprocessor Hardware Specification, March 91
  23. ↑ "Microelectronic Products Selection Guide". AT&T. Spring 1988. http://bitsavers.org/components/att/1988_ATT_Microelectronic_Products_Selection_Guide.pdf. 
  24. ↑ "AVR Instruction Set Manual". http://www.atmel.com/images/Atmel-0856-AVR-Instruction-Set-Manual.pdf. 
  25. ↑ "AVR32 Architecture Document". http://www.atmel.com/Images/doc32000.pdf. 
  26. ↑ Data General Nova - Instruction Set Summary, users.rcn.com
  27. ↑ Data General ECLIPSE - Instruction Set Summary, users.rcn.com
  28. ↑ ECLIPSE/MV Family 32-Bit Systems, Principles Of Operation
  29. ↑ pdp11 processor handbook, 1979
  30. ↑ VAX Architecture Reference Manual
  31. ↑ The MMIX Instruction Set
  32. ↑ Walter Hollingsworth; Howard Sachs; Alan Jay Smith (February 1989). "The Clipper processor: instruction set architecture and implementation". Communications of the ACM 32 (2): 200–219. http://bitsavers.org/components/fairchild/clipper/The%20CLIPPER%20Processor%20Instruction%20Set%20Architecture%20and%20Implementation.pdf. 
  33. ↑ Fujitsu official: FR Family 32-BIT MICROCONTROLLER INSTRUCTION MANUAL
  34. ↑ Fujitsu official: FR81 Family 32-BIT MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMING MANUAL
  35. ↑ Fujitsu official: F2MC-16FX 16-BIT MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMING MANUAL
  36. ↑ Cypress official: F2MC-8FX Programming Guide
  37. ↑ GE-225 Programming Reference Manual. General Electric. October 1963. http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ge/GE-2xx/CPB-252_GE-225_PgmrRef_Oct63.pdf. 
  38. ↑ GE-425/435 Reference Manual. General Electric. December 1963. http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ge/GE-4xx/CPB-320_GE425-435_RefMan_Dec63.pdf. 
  39. ↑ GE-412 Programming manual
  40. ↑ GE-625/635 Programming Reference Manual. General Electric. April 1968. http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ge/GE-6xx/CPB1004F_GE635pgmRef_Jul69.pdf. 
  41. ↑ GE-645 System Manual. General Electric. January 1968. http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ge/GE-645/GE-645_SystemMan_Jan68.pdf. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 DPS/LEVEL 68 & DPS 8M MULTICS PROCESSOR MANUAL
  43. ↑ "Assembly Instructions, DPS 8000". Bull. http://bitsavers.org/pdf/honeywell/dps_8000/DZ51-00_Assembly_Instructions_DPS_8000_Mar87.pdf. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 ACOS Series 77
  45. ↑ Honeywell DPS90
  46. ↑ SPO256 - Speech processor
  47. ↑ Section 29. Instruction Set
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 Instruction set: PIC
  49. ↑ dsPIC30F Programmer’s Reference Manual
  50. ↑ Sailer, Philip M.; Kaeli, David R.. The DLX Instruction Set Architecture Handbook. Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN:1-55860-371-9.
  51. ↑ Instruction set reference for 6809/6309 (PDF) By Chris Lomont
  52. ↑ H8/500 Series Programming Manual (Hitachi M21T001)
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 "SuperH RISC engine Family". Archived from the original on 2012-05-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20120526140630/http://www.renesas.com/products/mpumcu/superh/child/sh_cpu_child.jsp. Retrieved 2012-06-19. 
  54. ↑ The SH-5 Architecture White Paper by komputilo.org
  55. ↑ 64-Bit RISC Series SH-5 System Architecture, Volume 1: System (SuperH, Inc.) by yumpu.com
  56. ↑ Hotek official: HT46R53A/HT46R54A A/D Type 8-Bit OTP MCU
  57. ↑ Datamatic 1000
  58. ↑ Honeywell 800: Programmers' reference manual
  59. ↑ (PDF) Honeywell 1800 Programmer's Reference Manual. Honeywell. June 1964. http://bitsavers.org/pdf/honeywell/h1800/NP-2822_H-1800_Programmers_Ref_Jun64.pdf. 
  60. ↑ "HONEYWELL 1800-II A Large -Scale Scientific Processor" (PDF). http://bitsavers.org/pdf/honeywell/h1800/HONEYWELL_1800-II_A_Large-Scale_Scientific_Processor_1963.pdf. 
  61. ↑ Honeywell Series 200: Programmers's reference manual
  62. ↑ (PDF) Model 8200 Hardware Reference Manual. Honeywell. August 1, 1967. 113.0011.0000.0-685. 
  63. ↑ Honeywell Series 16 - Model 316 and 516: Programmers' reference manual
  64. ↑ IBM System/3 Basic Assembler Reference Manual. IBM. April 1975. SC21-7509-7. http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/system3/SC21-7509-7_System3_Basic_Assembler_Reference_Manual.pdf. 
  65. ↑ IBM System/32 Functions Reference Manual. IBM. May 1975. GA21-9176-1. http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/system32/GA21-9176-1_System32_FunctionsRef_May75.pdf. 
  66. ↑ IBM System/34 Functions Reference. IBM. December 1977. SA21-9243-0. http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/system34/SA21-9243-0_System_34_Functions_Reference_Dec77.pdf. 
  67. ↑ IBM System/36 Programming With Assembler. IBM. January 1986. SC21-7908-3. http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/system36/SC21-7908-3_System36_Programming_with_Assembler_Jan86.pdf. 
  68. ↑ "IBM System/38 Functional Reference Manual". IBM. February 1981. http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/system38/GA21-9331-1_System_38_Functional_Reference_Manual_Feb81.pdf. 
  69. ↑ "IBM i Machine Interface". IBM. https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/ssw_ibm_i_73/rzatk/mitoc.htm. 
  70. ↑ IBM official:PowerPC User Instruction Set Architecture, Book I, Version 2.01
  71. ↑ IBM official:"PowerPC Architecture Book, Version 2.02"
  72. ↑ NXP official: "Book E: Enhanced PowerPC Architecture"
  73. ↑ STMicrolectronics official: Programmer’s reference manual for Book E processors
  74. ↑ "Cell Broadband Engine Programming Handbook Including the PowerXCell 8i Processor Version 1.11"
  75. ↑ Power ISA Version 2.03
  76. ↑ Power ISA Version 2.06 Revision B
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 Open POWER official: "IBM Power ISA Specification"
  78. ↑ "Power ISA v2.07B (for POWER8 & POWER8 with NVIDIA NVlink)"
  79. ↑ "Power ISA v3.0B (for POWER9)"
  80. ↑ "Infineon C166 and Instruction Set Manual", Infineon
  81. ↑ "Infineon C500 Architecture and Instruction Set", Infineon
  82. ↑ TriCore User Manual (Volume 1)
  83. ↑ TriCore User Manual (Volume 2)
  84. ↑ INMOS Transputer
  85. ↑ "XMOS XS1 Instruction Set Architecture"
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 86.2 "Intel Data Catalog (1976)"
  87. ↑ 8080a
  88. ↑ 8085a
  89. ↑ 8021
  90. ↑ 8022
  91. ↑ 8041
  92. ↑ 8048
  93. ↑ "Intel MCS-51 User's Manual (January 1981)"
  94. ↑ "Intel MCS-51 User's Manual (February 1994)"
  95. ↑ "ARM/KEIL 8051 web site"
  96. ↑ Intel 432 System Summary: Manager's Perspective
  97. ↑ Introduction to the iAPX 432 Architecture
  98. ↑ iAPX 432 General Data Processor Architecture Reference Manual
  99. ↑ iAPX 432 Interface Processor Architecture Reference Manual
  100. ↑ i860 Microprocessor Programmer's Reference Manual or i860 Microprocessor Architecture
  101. ↑ i860 Microprocessor Datasheet
  102. ↑ 80960KB Programmer's Reference Manual (March 1988)
  103. ↑ i960CA/CF User's GUide (March 1994)
  104. ↑ IA-64 Architecture Handbook
  105. ↑ 80386 Programmer's Reference Manual (1986)
  106. ↑ i486 Microprocessor Programmers Reference Manual (1990)
  107. ↑ Yasm User Manual – Execution Modes and extensions, Chapter 18. x86 Architecture
  108. ↑ LatticeMico8 Architecture Manual (Registration required)
  109. ↑ LatticeMico32 SW Developer User Guide (Registration reuired)
  110. ↑ MAXQ Family User' Guide
  111. ↑ MIPS IV Instruction set
  112. ↑ D10V Architecture: A VLIW Microprocessor for Multimedia Applications (Mitsubishi Electric Corp.)
  113. ↑ D30V Architecture: A VLIW Microprocessor for Multimedia Applications (Mitsubishi Electric Corp.
  114. ↑ Renesas official: 7900 Series SOFTWARE MANUAL
  115. ↑ 6502 MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary
  116. ↑ 6800 MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary (April 1985)
  117. ↑ 6801/68701 Single-Chip MICROCOMPUTER Instruction Set Summary (April 1985)
  118. ↑ 6805 MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary (April 1985)
  119. ↑ 6809 MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary (April 1985)
  120. ↑ [1]
  121. ↑ http://www.textfiles.com/programming/CARDS/68000
  122. ↑ http://www.textfiles.com/programming/CARDS/68010
  123. ↑ DSP56800 Family Manual
  124. ↑ SC3850 DSP Core
  125. ↑ SC140 DSP Core Reference Manual
  126. ↑ StarCore SC3900FP - Flexible vector processor
  127. ↑ NSC800 MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary (April 1985)
  128. ↑ NS16032 MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary (July 1985)
  129. ↑ NS32016 MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary (July 1985)
  130. ↑ NS32032 MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary (July 1985)
  131. ↑ Hardware Technology of the SX-9 (1) - Main System -
  132. ↑ Hardware Technology of the SX-9 (2) - Internode Switch -
  133. ↑ LSI and Circuit Technologies of the SX-9
  134. ↑ The Compilers and MPI Library for SX-9
  135. ↑ SX-ACE
  136. ↑ ACOS System 1500 Series: ACOS-4 OS
  137. ↑ uCOM-1600 (Google Translate)
  138. ↑ NEC System 20/25, 50/35, 100/45, 150/55
  139. ↑ 17K 4-bit microcontroller data book (1992)
  140. ↑ Renesas official: UPD7503A Data Sheet
  141. ↑ Renesas official: UPD75336 User's Manual
  142. ↑ Renesas official: UPD75518 User's Manual
  143. ↑ μCOM-87AD User's Manual
  144. ↑ Renesas official: 87AD Series UPD78C18 User's Manual
  145. ↑ Renesas official: UPD78148 User's Manual
  146. ↑ Renesas official: UPD78244 Sub-Series Hardware
  147. ↑ Renesas official: UPD78234 Sub-Series for Hardware
  148. ↑ Renesas official: UPD78334 User's Manual
  149. ↑ Renesas official: 78K/IV Series Instructions
  150. ↑ PD70616 Programmer's Reference Manual (Nov 1986)
  151. ↑ V810 FAMILY 32-BIT MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE (Oct 1995, 1st Ed.)
  152. ↑ OpenRISC 1000 Architecture
  153. ↑ Propeller P8X32A Datasheet
  154. ↑ CDP1802 COSMAC Microprocessor Instruction Set Summary (April 1985)
  155. ↑ 155.0 155.1 155.2 155.3 Renesas official: RL78 Family User's Manual: Software
  156. ↑ Renesas official: 78K0R Microcontrollers User's Manual: Instructions
  157. ↑ Renesas official: RX Family Renesas 32-Bit Microcontrollers
  158. ↑ Renesas official: RX Family User's Manual: Software
  159. ↑ Renesas official: RX Family RXv2 Instruction Set Architecture User's Manual: Software
  160. ↑ Renesas official: V850 Family for Architecture
  161. ↑ Renesas official: V850E/MS1,V850E/MS2 32-Bit Single-Chip Microcontrollerfor Architecture
  162. ↑ Renesas official: V850E1 for Architecture
  163. ↑ Renesas official: V850ES for Architecture
  164. ↑ Renesas official: V850E2 for Architecture
  165. ↑ Renesas official: V850E2S User's Manual: Architecture
  166. ↑ Renesas official: V850E2M User's Manual: Architecture
  167. ↑ 167.0 167.1 167.2 Renesas official: SH-1/SH-2/SH-DSP Software Manual
  168. ↑ 168.0 168.1 Renesas official: SH-2A SH2A-FPU Software Manual
  169. ↑ 169.0 169.1 169.2 Renesas official: SH-3/SH-3E/SH3-DSP Software Manual
  170. ↑ Renesas official: SH-4 Software Manual
  171. ↑ Renesas official: SH-4A Software Manual
  172. ↑ Renesas official: SH4AL-DSP Software Manual
  173. ↑ Renesas official: 78K/0 Series for Instructions
  174. ↑ Renesas official: 78K/0S Series for Instructions
  175. ↑ Renesas official: Difference on 78K0 and 78K0S in 8-bit All Flash microcontrollers.
  176. ↑ Renesas official: R8C/Tiny Series Software Manual
  177. ↑ Renesas official: M16C/60 M16C/20 M16C/Tiny Series Software Manual
  178. ↑ Renesas official: M32C/80 Series Software Manual
  179. ↑ Renesas official: M32R Family Software Manual
  180. ↑ Renesas official: M32R-FPU Software Manual
  181. ↑ Renesas official: H8SX Family Software Manual
  182. ↑ Renesas official: H8S/2600 Series H8S/2000 Series Software Manual
  183. ↑ Renesas official: H8/300 Programmig Manual
  184. ↑ Renesas official: H8/300H Series Software Manual
  185. ↑ Renesas official: H8/300L Series Software Manual
  186. ↑ Renesas official: 720 Family 4509 Group Datasheet
  187. ↑ Renesas official: 740 Family Software Manual
  188. ↑ 2650 MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary
  189. ↑ Raptor-16 Instruction Set
  190. ↑ STMictoelectronics official: STM8 CPU programming manual
  191. ↑ STMicroelectronics official: ST10 FAMILY PROGRAMMING MANUAL
  192. ↑ STMicroelectronics official: SH-4 CPU Core Architecture
  193. ↑ STMicroelectronics official: SH-4, ST40 system architecture, volume 1: system
  194. ↑ The Sparc Architecture Manual, Version 8 (SPARC International, Inc.)
  195. ↑ Oracle SPARC Processor Documentation
  196. ↑ 196.0 196.1 196.2 196.3 Oracle SPARC Architecture 2011
  197. ↑ The Java Virtual Machine Instruction Set
  198. ↑ picoJava-II Programmer's Reference Manua
  199. ↑ §3 JEM1 Microarchitecture Overview
  200. ↑ aJ-200 Technical Reference Manual
  201. ↑ "Java Card Downloads". http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/embedded/javacard/downloads/index.html. 
  202. ↑ Xtensa Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) Reference Manual
  203. ↑ 203.0 203.1 Cadence Tensilica ConnX
  204. ↑ 9900 MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary
  205. ↑ 9940 MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary
  206. ↑ 9980 MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary
  207. ↑ MSP430 User's Manual, document slau049d, Texas Instrument, Inc
  208. ↑ RISC-V Foundation
  209. ↑ The Microarchitecture of the LC-3b
  210. ↑ TAC - Computer Museum
  211. ↑ SIXTEEN-BIT COMPUTER INSTRUCTION SET ARCHITECTURE
  212. ↑ MicroBlaze Processor Reference Guide (UG081)
  213. ↑ PicoBlaze 8-bit Embedded Microcontroller User Guide (UB129), Chapter 3, PicoBlaze Instruction Set
  214. ↑ Z80 MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary (April 1985)
  215. ↑ Z8601/02/03/11/12/13 Single-Chip MICROCOMPUTER Instruction Set Summary (April 1985)
  216. ↑ Z8001/Z8002 MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary

Further reading

External links




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