Chemistry:Zinc iodide

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Zinc iodide
Portion of ZnI2 lattice (ICD Code2404).png
Names
IUPAC name
Zinc iodide
Other names
Zinc(II) iodide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
UNII
Properties
ZnI2
Molar mass 319.19 g/mol
Appearance white solid
Density 4.74 g/cm3
Melting point 446 °C (835 °F; 719 K)
Boiling point 1,150 °C (2,100 °F; 1,420 K) decomposes
450 g/100mL (20 °C)
−98.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Tetragonal, tI96
I41/acd, No. 142
Hazards
Safety data sheet External MSDS
Flash point 625 °C (1,157 °F; 898 K)
Related compounds
Other anions
Zinc fluoride
Zinc chloride
Zinc bromide
Other cations
Cadmium iodide
Mercury(I) iodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Zinc iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula ZnI2. It exists both in anhydrous form and as a dihydrate. Both are white and readily absorb water from the atmosphere. It has no major application.

Preparation

It can be prepared by the direct reaction of zinc and iodine in water[1] or in refluxing ether.[2] or by treating zinc with iodine in aqueous solution:[3]

Zn + I2 → ZnI2

Structure as solid, gas, and in solution

The structure of solid ZnI2 is unusual relative to the dichloride. While zinc centers are tetrahedrally coordinated, as in ZnCl2, groups of four of these tetrahedra share three vertices to form “super-tetrahedra” of composition {Zn4I10}, which are linked by their vertices to form a three-dimensional structure.[4] These "super-tetrahedra" are similar to the P4O10 structure.[4][5]

Molecular ZnI2 is linear as predicted by VSEPR theory with a Zn-I bond length of 238 pm.[4]

In aqueous solution the following have been detected: Zn(H2O)62+, [ZnI(H2O)5]+, tetrahedral ZnI2(H2O)2, ZnI3(H2O), and ZnI42−.[6]

Applications

References

  1. F. Wagenknecht; R. Juza (1963). "Zinc iodide". in G. Brauer. Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed.. 1. NY, NY: Academic Press. pp. 1073. 
  2. Eagleson, M. (1994). Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-011451-8. https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope00eagl. 
  3. DeMeo, S. (1995). "Synthesis and Decomposition of Zinc Iodide: Model Reactions for Investigating Chemical Change in the Introductory Laboratory". Journal of Chemical Education 72 (9): 836. doi:10.1021/ed072p836. Bibcode1995JChEd..72..836D. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed072p836. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford Science Publications. ISBN 0-19-855370-6. 
  5. Fourcroy, P. H.; Carré, D.; Rivet, J. (1978). "Structure Cristalline de l'Iodure de Zinc ZnI2". Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry 34 (11): 3160–3162. doi:10.1107/S0567740878010390. 
  6. Wakita, H.; Johansson, G.; Sandström, M.; Goggin, P. L.; Ohtaki, H. (1991). "Structure determination of zinc iodide complexes formed in aqueous solution". Journal of Solution Chemistry 20 (7): 643–668. doi:10.1007/BF00650714. 
  7. Composite Materials for Aircraft Structures (2nd ed.). AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics). 2004. ISBN 1-56347-540-5. 
  8. Ezrin, M. (1996). Plastics Failure Guide. Hanser Gardner Publications. ISBN 1-56990-184-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=baWyaC3w3hcC. 
  9. Will, F. G.; Secor, F. W., "Rechargeable aqueous zinc-halogen cell", US patent 4109065, issued 1978-08-22, assigned to General Electric
  10. Hayat, M. A. (2000). Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy: Biological Applications (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-63287-0. 
  11. Bercaw, John E.; Diaconescu, Paula L.; Grubbs, Robert H.; Kay, Richard D.; Kitching, Sarah; Labinger, Jay A.; Li, Xingwei; Mehrkhodavandi, Parisa et al. (2006-11-01). "On the Mechanism of the Conversion of Methanol to 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane (Triptane) over Zinc Iodide". The Journal of Organic Chemistry 71 (23): 8907–8917. doi:10.1021/jo0617823. ISSN 0022-3263. PMID 17081022. 
HI He
LiI BeI2 BI3 CI4 NI3 I2O4,
I2O5,
I4O9
IF,
IF3,
IF5,
IF7
Ne
NaI MgI2 AlI3 SiI4 PI3,
P2I4
S ICl,
ICl3
Ar
KI CaI2 Sc TiI4 VI3 CrI3 MnI2 FeI2 CoI2 NiI2 CuI ZnI2 Ga2I6 GeI2,
GeI4
AsI3 Se IBr Kr
RbI SrI2 YI3 ZrI4 NbI5 Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd AgI CdI2 InI3 SnI4,
SnI2
SbI3 TeI4 I Xe
CsI BaI2   HfI4 TaI5 W Re Os Ir Pt AuI Hg2I2,
HgI2
TlI PbI2 BiI3 Po AtI Rn
Fr RaI2   Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
La Ce Pr Nd Pm SmI2 Eu Gd TbI3 Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Ac ThI4 Pa UI3,
UI4
Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf EsI3 Fm Md No Lr