Astronomy:List of white dwarfs

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This is a list of exceptional white dwarf stars. An extensive database of all known white dwarfs and their properties is available in the Montreal White Dwarf Database.[1]

Firsts

These were the first white dwarfs discovered fitting these conditions

Title Star Date Data Comments Notes Refs
First discovered 40 Eridani B 1783 [2][3]
First found in a binary star system
First double white dwarf system LDS 275 1944 L 462-56 system [4]
First solitary white dwarf Van Maanen 2 1917 Van Maanen's star is also the nearest solitary white dwarf
First white dwarf with a planet WD B1620−26 2003 PSR B1620-26 b (planet) This planet is a circumbinary planet, which circles both stars in the PSR B1620-26 system [5][6]
First singular white dwarf with a transiting object WD 1145+017 2015 Known object is a disintegrating planetesimal, most likely an asteroid. [7]
First white dwarf that is a pulsar AR Scorpii A 2016 The star is in a binary system with a red dwarf [8]

Extremes

These are the white dwarfs which are currently known to fit these conditions

Title Star Date Data Comments Notes Refs
Nearest Sirius 1852 8.6 ly (2.6 pc) Sirius B is also the second white dwarf discovered. [2][3]
Farthest SN UDS10Wil progenitor 2013 10,000,000,000 ly z=1.914 SN Wilson is a type-Ia supernova whose progenitor was a white dwarf [9][10][11]
Oldest WD 0346+246 2021 11.5 billion years [12]
Youngest
Highest surface temperature RX J0439.8−6809 2015 250,000 K (250,000 °C; 450,000 °F) This star is located in the Milky Way's galactic halo, in the field of the Large Magellanic Cloud [13][14][12]
Lowest surface temperature PSR J2222–0137 B
WD J2147–4035 		2021
2022 		3,000 K (2,730 °C; 4,940 °F)
3,050 K (2,780 °C; 5,030 °F) 		Binary
Single 		[12][15]
Most luminous Central star of the Skull Nebula 2018 18,600+7,600
−11,000 L☉ 		[16]
Least luminous WD 0343+247 1.62×10−5 L☉ [17][18]
Brightest apparent Sirius B 1852 8.44 (V)
Dimmest apparent
Most massive ZTF J1901+1458[19] 2020 1.35 M☉ [19]
Least massive CR Boötis B 2022 0.07 M☉ In a tight 24 minute binary. [20]
Largest Z Andromedae B 0.17—0.36 R☉ [21]
Smallest HD 49798 2021 0.0023 R☉ [22]

Nearest

10 nearest white dwarfs
Star Distance Comments Notes Refs
Sirius B 8.58 ly (2.63 pc) Sirius B is also the second white dwarf discovered. It is part of the Sirius system. [2][3][23][24]
Procyon B 11.43 ly (3.50 pc) Part of Procyon system [23][24]
van Maanen's Star 14.04 ly (4.30 pc) [23][24]
GJ 440 15.09 ly (4.63 pc) [23]
40 Eridani B 16.25 ly (4.98 pc) Part of 40 Eridani system [23][24]
Stein 2051 B 18.06 ly (5.54 pc) Part of Stein 2051 system [23][24]
LP 44-113 20.0 ly (6.1 pc) [24]
G 99-44 20.9 ly (6.4 pc) [24]
L 97-12 25.8 ly (7.9 pc) [24]
Wolf 489 26.7 ly (8.2 pc) [24]

Other notable white dwarfs

  • SDSS J1228+1040, a white dwarf with a disk of debris.
  • ZTF J203349.8+322901.1, a white dwarf with one side made up of hydrogen and the other of helium, nicknamed Janus[25][26]

References

  1. ↑ Dufour, Patrick; Blouin, Simon (March 2016). "The Montreal White Dwarf Database: A Tool for the Community". 20th European White Dwarf Workshop 509: 3. Bibcode: 2017ASPC..509....3D. https://www.montrealwhitedwarfdatabase.org/tables-and-charts.html. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Atlas of the Universe, "The Universe within 12.5 Light Years: The Nearest Stars", Richard Powell, 30 July 2006 (accessed 2010-11-01)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 BBC News, "Hubble finds mass of white dwarf", Christine McGourty, 14 December 2005 (accessed 2010-11-01)
  4. ↑ W. J. Luyten (September 1944). "Note on the Double White Dwarf L 462-56 = LDS 275". Astrophysical Journal 100: 202. doi:10.1086/144658. Bibcode: 1944ApJ...100..202L. 
  5. ↑ Steinn Sigurdsson; Harvey B. Richer; Brad M. Hansen; Ingrid H. Stairs; Stephen E. Thorsett (July 2003). "A Young White Dwarf Companion to Pulsar B1620-26: Evidence for Early Planet Formation". Science 301 (5630): 193–196. doi:10.1126/science.1086326. PMID 12855802. Bibcode: 2003Sci...301..193S. 
  6. ↑ "Looking for planets around white dwarfs". Professor Astronomy. 20 August 2010. http://blog.professorastronomy.com/2010/08/looking-for-planets-around-white-dwarfs.html. 
  7. ↑ Vanderburg, Andrew (October 2015). "A disintegrating minor planet transiting a white dwarf". Nature 526 (7574): 546–549. doi:10.1038/nature15527. PMID 26490620. Bibcode: 2015Natur.526..546V. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature15527. 
  8. ↑ Hambsch, Franz-Josef (15 August 2016). "Amateurs Help Discover Pulsing White Dwarf". Sky & Telescope. Sky and Telescope. http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/stargazers-corner/amateurs-aid-discovery-pulsing-white-dwarf-ar-scorpii/. 
  9. ↑ Jason Major (5 April 2013). "Hubble Spots the Most Distant Supernova Ever". Discovery Channel. http://news.discovery.com/space/galaxies/hubble-spots-the-most-distant-supernova-ever-130405.htm. 
  10. ↑ "CANDELS Finds the Most Distant Type Ia Supernova Yet Observed". Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). 23 April 2013. http://candels-collaboration.blogspot.ca/2013/04/candels-finds-most-distant-type-ia.html. 
  11. ↑ David O. Jones; Steven A. Rodney; Adam G. Riess; Bahram Mobasher; Tomas Dahlen; Curtis McCully; Teddy F. Frederiksen; Stefano Casertano et al. (2 April 2013). "The Discovery of the Most Distant Known Type Ia Supernova at Redshift 1.914". The Astrophysical Journal 768 (2): 166. May 2013. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/166. 166. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...768..166J. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Lacki, Brian C.; Brzycki, Bryan; Croft, Steve; Czech, Daniel; DeBoer, David; DeMarines, Julia; Gajjar, Vishal; Isaacson, Howard et al. (2021-11-24). "One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 257 (2): 42. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac168a. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2021ApJS..257...42L. 
  13. ↑ Universitaet Tübingen (24 November 2015). "The hottest white dwarf in the Galaxy". Science Daily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/11/151124122514.htm. 
  14. ↑ K. Werner; T. Rauch (29 September 2015). "Analysis of HST/COS spectra of the bare C–O stellar core H1504+65 and a high-velocity twin in the Galactic halo". Astronomy and Astrophysics 584: A19. December 2015. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527261. A19. Bibcode: 2015A&A...584A..19W. 
  15. ↑ Elms, Abbigail K.; Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel; Gänsicke, Boris T.; Koester, Detlev; Hollands, Mark A.; Gentile Fusillo, Nicola Pietro; Cunningham, Tim; Apps, Kevin (2022-12-01). "Spectral analysis of ultra-cool white dwarfs polluted by planetary debris". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 517 (3): 4557–4574. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2908. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2022MNRAS.517.4557E. 
  16. ↑ Löbling, Lisa (2018-06-01). "Sliding along the Eddington Limit—Heavy-Weight Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae". Galaxies 6 (2): 65. doi:10.3390/galaxies6020065. Bibcode: 2018Galax...6...65L. 
  17. ↑ "MWDD - Tables and Charts". https://www.montrealwhitedwarfdatabase.org/tables-and-charts.html. 
  18. ↑ "WD 0343+247". https://www.montrealwhitedwarfdatabase.org/WDs/WD%200343+247/WD%200343+247.html. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "A White Dwarf Living on the Edge" (in en). 2021-06-30. https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/a-white-dwarf-living-on-the-edge. 
  20. ↑ Boneva, Daniela (2022). "Mid-Cycle Observations of CR Boo and Estimation of the System's Parameters". Data 5 (4): 113. doi:10.3390/data5040113. 
  21. ↑ Sokoloski, J. L.; Kenyon, S. J.; Espey, B. R.; Keyes, Charles D.; McCandliss, S. R.; Kong, A. K. H.; Aufdenberg, J. P.; Filippenko, A. V. et al. (2006-01-01). "A Combination Nova Outburst in Z Andromedae: Nuclear Shell Burning Triggered by a Disk Instability". The Astrophysical Journal 636 (2): 1002–1019. doi:10.1086/498206. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2006ApJ...636.1002S. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ApJ...636.1002S. 
  22. ↑ Mereghetti, S.; Pintore, F.; Rauch, T.; La Palombara, N.; Esposito, P.; Geier, S.; Pelisoli, I.; Rigoselli, M. et al. (2021). "New X-ray observations of the hot subdwarf binary HD 49798/RX J0648.0–4418". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504: 920–925. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1004. https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/504/1/920/6219849. Retrieved 2023-01-08. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 David Taylor (2012). "White Dwarf Stars Near The Earth". The Life and Death of Stars. Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences - Northwestern University. http://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/~infocom/The%20Website/plates/WD.pdf. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 24.7 24.8 "White dwarfs within 10 parsecs". Sol Station. 2011. http://www.solstation.com/stars/pc10wd.htm. 
  25. ↑ Caiazzo, Ilaria; Burdge, Kevin B.; Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel; Fuller, James; Ferrario, Lilia; Gänsicke, Boris T.; Hermes, J. J.; Heyl, Jeremy et al. (2023-07-19). "A rotating white dwarf shows different compositions on its opposite faces" (in en). Nature 620 (7972): 61–66. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06171-9. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 37468630. Bibcode: 2023Natur.620...61C. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06171-9. 
  26. ↑ "Two-Faced Star Exposed" (in en). 2023-07-19. https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/two-faced-star-exposed. 

See also



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