Astronomy:List of white dwarfs

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This is a list of exceptional white dwarf stars.

Firsts

These were the first white dwarfs discovered fitting these conditions

Title Star Date Data Comments Notes Refs
First discovered Sirius B 1852 Sirius system Sirius B is also the nearest white dwarf (as of 2005) [1][2]
First found in a binary star system
First double white dwarf system LDS 275 1944 L 462-56 system [3]
First solitary white dwarf Van Maanen 2 1917 Van Maanen's star is also the nearest solitary white dwarf
First white dwarf with a planet WD B1620−26 2003 PSR B1620-26 b (planet) This planet is a circumbinary planet, which circles both stars in the PSR B1620-26 system [4][5]
First singular white dwarf with a planet WD 1145+017 2015 WD 1145+017 b Planet is extremely small and is disintegrating.
First white dwarf that is a pulsar AR Scorpii A 2016 The star is in a binary system with a red dwarf [6]

Extremes

These are the white dwarfs which are currently known to fit these conditions

Title Star Date Data Comments Notes Refs
Nearest Sirius 1852 8.6 ly (2.6 pc) Sirius B is also the second white dwarf discovered. [1][2]
Farthest SN UDS10Wil progenitor 2013 10,000,000,000 ly z=1.914 SN Wilson is a type-Ia supernova whose progenitor was a white dwarf [7][8][9]
Oldest WD 0343+247
SDSS J110217.48+411315.4 		2012 12 Gy (tied)
Youngest SDSS J0003+0718 2011 < 13 My provisional estimate
Highest surface temperature RX J0439.8−6809 2015 250,000 K (250,000 °C; 450,000 °F) This star is located in the Milky Way's galactic halo, in the field of the Large Magellanic Cloud [10][11]
Lowest surface temperature LSPM J1403+4533 2010 2,670 K (2,400 °C; 4,350 °F) Quite a large margin of error (1,500 K (1,230 °C; 2,240 °F)) [12]
Most luminous Z Andromedae B 1,500 - 9,800 L☉ [13]
Least luminous PSR J2222-0137 B 2014 too dim to observe
Brightest apparent Sirius 1852 8.44 (V)
Dimmest apparent PSR J2222-0137 B 2014 too dim to observe
Most massive (contender) RE J0317-853 1998 1.35 M☉
Most massive (contender) ZTF J1901+1458[14] 2020 1.35 M☉
Least massive SDSS J091709.55+463821.8 2007 0.17 M☉
Largest Z Andromedae B 0.265±0.095 R☉
Smallest HD 49798 2021 0.0023 R☉ [15]

Nearest

10 nearest white dwarfs
Star Distance Comments Notes Refs
Sirius B 8.58 ly (2.63 pc) Sirius B is also the second white dwarf discovered. It is part of the Sirius system. [1][2][16][17]
Procyon B 11.43 ly (3.50 pc) Part of Procyon system [16][17]
van Maanen's Star 14.04 ly (4.30 pc) [16][17]
GJ 440 15.09 ly (4.63 pc) [16]
40 Eridani B 16.25 ly (4.98 pc) Part of 40 Eridani system [16][17]
Stein 2051 B 18.06 ly (5.54 pc) Part of Stein 2051 system [16][17]
LP 44-113 20.0 ly (6.1 pc) [17]
G 99-44 20.9 ly (6.4 pc) [17]
L 97-12 25.8 ly (7.9 pc) [17]
Wolf 489 26.7 ly (8.2 pc) [17]

Other notable white dwarfs

  • SDSS J1228+1040, a white dwarf with a disk of debris.
  • ZTF J203349.8+322901.1, a white dwarf with one side made up of hydrogen and the other of helium, nicknamed Janus[18][19]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Atlas of the Universe, "The Universe within 12.5 Light Years: The Nearest Stars", Richard Powell, 30 July 2006 (accessed 2010-11-01)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 BBC News, "Hubble finds mass of white dwarf", Christine McGourty, 14 December 2005 (accessed 2010-11-01)
  3. ↑ W. J. Luyten (September 1944). "Note on the Double White Dwarf L 462-56 = LDS 275". Astrophysical Journal 100: 202. doi:10.1086/144658. Bibcode: 1944ApJ...100..202L. 
  4. ↑ Steinn Sigurdsson; Harvey B. Richer; Brad M. Hansen; Ingrid H. Stairs; Stephen E. Thorsett (July 2003). "A Young White Dwarf Companion to Pulsar B1620-26: Evidence for Early Planet Formation". Science 301 (5630): 193–196. doi:10.1126/science.1086326. PMID 12855802. Bibcode: 2003Sci...301..193S. 
  5. ↑ "Looking for planets around white dwarfs". Professor Astronomy. 20 August 2010. http://blog.professorastronomy.com/2010/08/looking-for-planets-around-white-dwarfs.html. 
  6. ↑ Hambsch, Franz-Josef. "Amateurs Help Discover Pulsing White Dwarf". Sky and Telescope. http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/stargazers-corner/amateurs-aid-discovery-pulsing-white-dwarf-ar-scorpii/. 
  7. ↑ Jason Major (5 April 2013). "Hubble Spots the Most Distant Supernova Ever". Discovery Channel. http://news.discovery.com/space/galaxies/hubble-spots-the-most-distant-supernova-ever-130405.htm. 
  8. ↑ "CANDELS Finds the Most Distant Type Ia Supernova Yet Observed". Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). 23 April 2013. http://candels-collaboration.blogspot.ca/2013/04/candels-finds-most-distant-type-ia.html. 
  9. ↑ David O. Jones; Steven A. Rodney; Adam G. Riess; Bahram Mobasher; Tomas Dahlen; Curtis McCully; Teddy F. Frederiksen; Stefano Casertano et al. (2 April 2013). "The Discovery of the Most Distant Known Type Ia Supernova at Redshift 1.914". The Astrophysical Journal 768 (2): 166. May 2013. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/166. 166. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...768..166J. 
  10. ↑ Universitaet Tübingen (24 November 2015). "The hottest white dwarf in the Galaxy". Science Daily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/11/151124122514.htm. 
  11. ↑ K. Werner; T. Rauch (29 September 2015). "Analysis of HST/COS spectra of the bare C–O stellar core H1504+65 and a high-velocity twin in the Galactic halo". Astronomy and Astrophysics 584: A19. December 2015. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527261. A19. Bibcode: 2015A&A...584A..19W. 
  12. ↑ Kilic, Mukremin; Leggett, S. K.; Tremblay, P. -E.; von Hippel, Ted; Bergeron, P.; Harris, Hugh C.; Munn, Jeffrey A.; Williams, Kurtis A. et al. (2010-09-01). "A Detailed Model Atmosphere Analysis of Cool White Dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 190 (1): 77–99. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/190/1/77. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2010ApJS..190...77K. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ApJS..190...77K. 
  13. ↑ Sokoloski, J. L.; Kenyon, S. J.; Espey, B. R.; Keyes, Charles D.; McCandliss, S. R.; Kong, A. K. H.; Aufdenberg, J. P.; Filippenko, A. V. et al. (2006-01-10). "A "Combination Nova" Outburst in Z Andromedae: Nuclear Shell Burning Triggered by a Disk Instability". The Astrophysical Journal 636 (2): 1002–1019. doi:10.1086/498206. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2006ApJ...636.1002S. 
  14. ↑ "A White Dwarf Living on the Edge" (in en). 2021-06-30. https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/a-white-dwarf-living-on-the-edge. 
  15. ↑ "New X-ray observations of the hot subdwarf binary HD 49798/RX J0648.0–4418". https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/504/1/920/6219849. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 David Taylor (2012). "White Dwarf Stars Near The Earth". The Life and Death of Stars. Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences - Northwestern University. http://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/~infocom/The%20Website/plates/WD.pdf. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 "White dwarfs within 10 parsecs". Sol Station. 2011. http://www.solstation.com/stars/pc10wd.htm. 
  18. ↑ Caiazzo, Ilaria; Burdge, Kevin B.; Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel; Fuller, James; Ferrario, Lilia; Gänsicke, Boris T.; Hermes, J. J.; Heyl, Jeremy et al. (2023-07-19). "A rotating white dwarf shows different compositions on its opposite faces" (in en). Nature: 1–6. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06171-9. ISSN 1476-4687. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06171-9. 
  19. ↑ "Two-Faced Star Exposed" (in en). 2023-07-19. https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/two-faced-star-exposed. 

See also



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