Chemistry:Clobetasol propionate

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Short description: Medication
Not to be confused with Clostebol or Clostebol propionate.

Clobetasol propionate
Clinical data
Pronunciation/kloʊˈbeɪtəsɒl/[1]
Trade namesDermovate, Temovate, Clovate, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
Routes of
administration		Topical
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC25H32ClFO5
Molar mass466.97 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  (verify)

Clobetasol propionate is a corticosteroid that is used to treat skin conditions such as eczema, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, steroid responsive dermatosis, and psoriasis (including scalp and plaque-type).[7][8] It is applied to the skin as a cream, foam, gel, liquid, solution, ointment, or shampoo.[7][9] Clobetasol propionate is a propionate ester of the corticosteroid clobetasol.[10]

Clobetasol is a very potent corticosteroid with a risk of significant side effects even in the topical form, especially with long-term use or if applied to large areas of skin.[11] Common side effects include skin irritation, dry skin, redness, pimples, and telangiectasia.[7] More serious side effects include allergic reactions, cellulitis, adrenal suppression and Cushing's syndrome.[7] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of unclear safety.[12] Clobetasol is believed to work by activating steroid receptors.[7] To minimize side effects, clobetasol is usually used for short periods (no more than 2 weeks continuously).[13]

Clobetasol propionate was patented in 1968 and came into medical use in 1978.[14] It is available as a generic medication.[9] In 2023, it was the 129th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions.[15][16]

Medical uses

Clobetasol propionate is used for the treatment of various skin disorders including eczema, herpes labialis,[17] psoriasis, and lichen sclerosus. It is also used to treat several auto-immune diseases including alopecia areata, lichen planus (auto immune skin nodules), and mycosis fungoides (T-cell skin lymphoma). It is used as a first-line treatment for both acute and chronic GVHD of the skin.[18]

Clobetasol propionate is used cosmetically for skin whitening, although this use is controversial. The US Food and Drug Administration has not approved it for that purpose, and sales without a prescription are illegal in the US. Nonetheless, skin-whitening creams containing this ingredient can sometimes be found in beauty supply stores in New York City and on the internet. It is also sold internationally and does not require a prescription in some countries. Whitening creams with clobetasol propionate, such as Hyprogel, can make skin thin and easily bruised, with visible capillaries, and acne. It can also lead to hypertension, elevated blood sugar, suppression of the body's natural steroids, and stretch marks, which may be permanent.[19]

Clobetasol propionate is, along with mercury and hydroquinone, "amongst the most toxic, the latter in higher concentrations, and most used agents in lightening products." Many products sold illegally have higher concentrations of clobetasol propionate than is permitted for prescription drugs.[20]

Clobetasol 0.05% is considered a member of the "super-high potency" group of topical corticosteroids out of seven total groups in the United States classification system of topical corticosteroids.[21][8]

Society and culture

Brand names

Clobetasol propionate is marketed and sold worldwide under many names, including Clobex, Clob-x, Clovate, Clobet, Clonovate, Cormax, Haloderm, Pentasol, Cosvate, Clop, Propysalic, Temovate, Dermovate, Olux, ClobaDerm, Tenovate, Dermatovate, Butavate, Movate, Novate, Salac, Powercort, Lotasbat, Kloderma, Lemonvate, Clobesol, Dovate, Delor, Psovate, Clinoderm [Thailand] and Skineal.

References

  1. ↑ "Clobetasol Propionate Topical Ointment 0.05% Information". Drug Encyclopedia. Kaiser Permanente. https://members.kaiserpermanente.org/kpweb/drugency/drugdetails.do?drugID=272057. Retrieved 9 October 2009. 
  2. ↑ "Temovate (clobetasol propionate gel) Gel, 0.05%". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo.cfm?archiveid=807340. 
  3. ↑ "Olux- clobetasol propionate aerosol, foam". 2 May 2012. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=797805f2-5a08-4ed3-8057-6b0b1bb08113. 
  4. ↑ "Impoyz- clobetasol propionate cream". 30 January 2024. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=40173654-334e-4618-847b-6a1e030cd2fd. 
  5. ↑ "Clobex- clobetasol propionate shampoo". 24 October 2024. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=acb3a25e-5746-4df6-89fd-cf3023e755cc. 
  6. ↑ "Clobex- clobetasol propionate spray". 24 October 2024. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=aaba92a9-65fb-4150-aec0-9d9f721ca5a5. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 "Clobetasol Propionate Monograph for Professionals". American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clobetasol-propionate.html. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Clobetasol (topical): Drug information". 2024. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clobetasol-topical-drug-information. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 British National Formulary: BNF 76 (76th ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 1210. ISBN 978-0-85711-338-2. 
  10. ↑ The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. 14 November 2014. pp. 292–. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2085-3. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=0vXTBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA292. 
  11. ↑ https://www.webmd.com/drugs/clobetasol-propionate-topical
  12. ↑ "Clobetasol topical Use During Pregnancy". https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/clobetasol-topical.html. 
  13. ↑ https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/clobetasol/side-effects-of-clobetasol/
  14. ↑ Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. 2006. p. 487. ISBN 9783527607495. https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA487. Retrieved 3 September 2020. 
  15. ↑ "Top 300 of 2023". https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx. 
  16. ↑ "Clobetasol Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023". https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Clobetasol. 
  17. ↑ "Valacyclovir and topical clobetasol gel for the episodic treatment of herpes labialis: a patient-initiated, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 23 (3): 263–7. March 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.03047.x. PMID 19143902. 
  18. ↑ E. Fougera and Co. "Clobetasol Propionate Cream Usp, 0.05% Clobetasol Propionate Ointment USP, 0.05%". Daily Med. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo.cfm?archiveid=994. 
  19. ↑ "Creams Offering Lighter Skin May Bring Risks". 15 January 2010. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/16/health/16skin.html. 
  20. ↑ "Mercury, hydroquinone and clobetasol propionate in skin lightening products in West Africa and Canada". Environmental Research 150: 403–410. October 2016. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.030. PMID 27372064. Bibcode: 2016ER....150..403G. 
  21. ↑ "Topical Corticosteroids: Choice and Application". American Family Physician 103 (6): 337–343. March 2021. PMID 33719380. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0315/p337.html. Retrieved 26 December 2024. 



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