Astronomy:List of red dwarfs

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This is a list of exceptional red dwarfs.

List of titleholding red dwarf stars

This is a list of red dwarfs that currently hold records.

List of red dwarf firsts

Firsts
Record Title Star Date Data Notes
First discovered Lacaille 8760 1753 Originally listed in a 1763 catalog that was published posthumously by Abbé Nicolas Louis de Lacaille.
Further information: § List of the earliest red dwarfs discovered
 [1]
First discovered with planet(s) Gliese 876 1998 Gliese 876 b

The Jovian planet was the first discovered around a red dwarf.

[2][3]
First discovered with giant planet(s) Gliese 876 1998 Gliese 876 b The giant planet was the first planet discovered around a red dwarf. [2][3]
First discovered with terrestrial planet(s) Kepler-42
(KOI-961) 		2012 KOI-961 b
KOI-961 c
KOI-961 d 		3 terrestrial planets were discovered around KOI-961 in 2012, the first terrestrial planets found to orbit a red dwarf. [4]

List of red dwarf extremes

Extremes
Record Title Star Date Data Notes References
Least voluminous SSSPM J2356-3426 2020 r= 58,160 km (36,140 mi)
Further information: § List of least voluminous red dwarfs
 [5]
Most voluminous XZ Tauri B 2002 1.7 R☉
Further information: § List of most voluminous red dwarfs
 [6]
Least massive 2MASS J0523-1403 2015 67.54±12.79 MJ
Further information: § List of least massive red dwarfs
Most massive Kepler-80 2012 0.73 M☉
Further information: § List of most massive red dwarfs
 [7]
Least distant Proxima Centauri 1917 4.2 ly (1.3 pc)
Further information: § List of nearest red dwarfs

This is also known as Alpha Centauri C and is a member of the α Cen trinary system. It is the nearest neighbouring star to the Sun.

[8]
Most distant UDF 3561 2010 202,000 ly

(62,000 pc)

Further information: § List of furthest red dwarfs
 [9]
Least luminous 2MASS J0523-1403
Further information: § List of least luminous red dwarfs
 [10]
Most luminous
Further information: § List of most luminous red dwarfs
Dimmest UDF 2457 V= 25
Further information: § List of dimmest red dwarfs
 [11]
Brightest Lacaille 8760 V= 6.69
Further information: § List of brightest red dwarfs

Also called AX Microscopii. This is the 24th closest star to the Sun, and also intrinsically luminous for red dwarfs, having spectral class M0.

[12][13]
Youngest See T Tauri star
Further information: § List of youngest red dwarfs
Oldest
Further information: § List of oldest red dwarfs

List of named red dwarfs

This is a list of red dwarfs with names that are not systematically designated.

Star Naming Notes
Proxima Centauri Named for being the closest neighbouring star to Earth's Sun Lies within the Alpha Centauri star system [8]
Barnard's Star Named after its discoverer, E. E. Barnard Second closest neighbouring star system to Earth, after α Cen. Also the star with the highest proper motion. [14]
van Biesbroeck's star Named for its discoverer, George van Biesbroeck Was once the least luminous, and, lowest mass, known star. [15]
Kapteyn's star Named for the astronomer who discovered it had gone missing, Jacobus Kapteyn Was once the star with the highest proper motion, thus making it move away from its recorded position in the sky and go "missing". [14]
Teegarden's Star Named after the lead investigator astrophysicist who discovered it, Bonnard J. Teegarden, through a datacrunching search of archived data.

List of nearest red dwarfs

Star Distance
ly (pc) 		Notes
1 Proxima Centauri 4.2 ly (1.3 pc) Part of the α Cen trinary system, the closest neighbouring star system. It is also the nearest neighbouring star. [8]
2 Barnard's Star 5.95 ly (1.82 pc) Second closest neighbouring star system [16]
3 Wolf 359 7.86 ly (2.41 pc) Also called CN Leonis
4 Lalande 21185 8.3 ly (2.5 pc)
5 Luyten 726-8 8.7 ly (2.7 pc) This is a binary star system with two red dwarfs
6 Ross 154 9.68 ly (2.97 pc)

List of least voluminous red dwarfs

Star Radius
Solar radii
(Sun = 1) 		Radius
Jupiter radii
(Jupiter = 1) 		Radius
km
(mi) 		Notes
1 EBLM J0555-57Ab 0.084 0.84 59,000 km (37,000 mi) This star is slightly larger than the planet Saturn. [17][18][19]
2 2MASS J0523-1403 0.086 0.86 60,000 km (37,000 mi) [20][21][22]

Timeline of smallest red dwarf recordholders

This is a list of titleholders of being the red dwarf with the smallest volume, and its succession over time.

List of smallest red dwarf titleholders
Star Date Radius
Solar radii
(Sun = 1) 		Radius
Jupiter radii
(Jupiter = 1) 		Radius
km
(mi) 		Notes
EBLM J0555-57Ab 2017— 0.084 0.84 59,000 km (37,000 mi) This star is slightly larger than the planet Saturn. [17][18][19]
2MASS J0523-1403 2013-2017 0.086 0.86 60,000 km (37,000 mi) [20][21][22]
OGLE-TR-122B 2005-2013 0.120 1.16 81,100 km (50,400 mi) [23][24][25]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Croswell, Ken (July 2003), "The Brightest Red Dwarf", Sky & Telescope: 32, http://www.kencroswell.com/thebrightestreddwarf.html, retrieved 2019-08-31. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Marietta DiChristina (September 1998). "Other Worlds". Popular Science: 77–79. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; Mayor, Michel; Perrier, Christian; Naef, Dominique; Queloz, Didier (1998). "The closest extrasolar planet. A giant planet around the M4 dwarf GL 876". Astronomy and Astrophysics 338: L67–L70. Bibcode: 1998A&A...338L..67D. 
  4. ↑ Deborah Williams-Hedges (13 January 2012). "Tiny planet triplets orbit dwarf star". Futurity. http://www.futurity.org/tiny-planet-triplets-orbit-dwarf-star/. 
  5. ↑ Cifuentes, C.; Caballero, J. A.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Montes, D.; Abellán, F. J.; Dorda, R.; Holgado, G.; Osorio, M. R. Zapatero et al. (2020-10-01). "CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs - V. Luminosities, colours, and spectral energy distributions" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 642: A115. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038295. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2020A&A...642A.115C. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/10/aa38295-20/aa38295-20.html. 
  6. ↑ Hartigan, Patrick; Kenyon, Scott (2003-01-20). "A Spectroscopic Survey of Subarcsecond Binaries in the Taurus-Auriga Dark Cloud with the Hubble Space Telescope". The Astrophysical Journal 583 (1): 334–357. doi:10.1086/345293. ISSN 0004-637X. http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0209608. 
  7. ↑ Martin, Pierre-Yves (2023). "Planet Kepler-80 b" (in en). Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/kepler_80_b--1160/. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 I.S. Glass (2007). "The Discovery of the Nearest Star". Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of South Africa 66 (11 and 12): 244–262. December 2007. Bibcode: 2007MNSSA..66..244G. 
  9. ↑ Kilic, Mukremin; Gianninas, Alexandros; von Hippel, Ted (2013-08-19). "Moving Objects in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 774 (1): 88. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/774/1/88. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...774...88K. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/774/1/88. 
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
  11. ↑ "SKY-MAP.ORG - Interactive Sky Map". http://www.wikisky.org/?ra=3.5441034&de=-27.80278&zoom=15&show_grid=1&show_constellation_lines=1&show_constellation_boundaries=1&show_const_names=1&show_galaxies=1&show_box=1&box_ra=3.5441034&box_de=-27.80278&box_width=50&box_height=50&img_source=IMG_all. 
  12. ↑ Ken Croswell (July 2002). "The Brightest Red Dwarf". Sky and Telescope: 38. http://kencroswell.com/thebrightestreddwarf.html. 
  13. ↑ David Tytell (2013). Lalande 21185: The Brightest Red Dwarf for the Rest of Us. http://www.skyandtelescope.com/wp-content/uploads/Lalande+21185+Sidebar.pdf. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Liz Kruesi (28 November 2005). "The discoverers of Kapteyn's Star". Astronomy Magazine. January 2006. http://www.astronomy.com/magazine/2005/11/the-discoverers-of-kapteyns-star. 
  15. ↑ Peter van de Kamp (April 1953). "Stars Nearer than Five Parsecs". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 65 (383): 73–77. doi:10.1086/126538. Bibcode: 1953PASP...65...73V. 
  16. ↑ "Barnard's star | Distance, Facts, & Planet". https://www.britannica.com/place/Barnards-star. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Eric Mack (11 July 2017). "Saturn-sized star is the smallest ever discovered". cnet. https://www.cnet.com/news/smallest-star-eblm-j0555-57ab-space-alien-life-cambridge-trappist-1/. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Smallest-ever star discovered by astronomers". University of Cambridge. 2017. https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/smallest-ever-star-discovered-by-astronomers. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Alexander von Boetticher; Amaury H.M.J. Triaud; Didier Queloz; Sam Gill; Monika Lendl; Laetitia Delrez; David R. Anderson; Andrew Collier Cameron et al. (12 June 2017). "The EBLM project; III. A Saturn-size low-mass star at the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy & Astrophysics 604 (6): L6. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731107. EBLM_III. Bibcode: 2017A&A...604L...6V. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Garmany, Katy. "NOAO/SOAR: Where do stars end and brown dwarfs begin?". National Optical Astronomy Observatory. http://www.noao.edu/news/2013/pr1311.php. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 John Bochanski (23 December 2013). "New Cutoff for Star Sizes". Sky and Telescope. http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/new-cutoff-for-star-sizes/. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Sergio B. Dieterich; Todd J. Henry; Wei-Chun Jao; Jennifer G. Winters; Altonio D. Hosey; Adric R. Riedel; John P. Subasavage (May 2014). "The Solar Neighborhood XXXII. The Hydrogen Burning Limit". The Astronomical Journal 147 (5): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/94. 94. Bibcode: 2014AJ....147...94D. 
  23. ↑ Robert Roy Britt (3 March 2005). "Newfound Star Smaller than Some Planets". Space.com. http://www.space.com/840-newfound-star-smaller-planets.html. 
  24. ↑ "What is the smallest star?". SpaceAnswers.com. 22 March 2013. http://www.spaceanswers.com/deep-space/what-is-the-smallest-star/. 
  25. ↑ Pont, F.; Melo, C. H. F.; Bouchy, F.; Udry, S.; Queloz, D.; Mayor, M.; Santos, N. C. (27 January 2005). "A planet-sized transiting star around OGLE-TR-122. Accurate mass and radius near the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy and Astrophysics 433 (2): L21–L24. April 2005. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500025. Bibcode: 2005A&A...433L..21P. 



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