Biology:Androstadienone
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| Formula | C19H26O |
| Molar mass | 270.416 g·mol−1 |
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Androstadienone, or androsta-4,16-dien-3-one, is a 16-androstene class endogenous steroid that has been described as having potent pheromone-like activities in humans.[1] The compound is synthesized from androstadienol by 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and can be converted into androstenone (a more potent and odorous pheromone) by 5α-reductase, which can subsequently be converted into 3α-androstenol or 3β-androstenol (also more potent and odorous pheromones) by 3-ketosteroid reductase.[2]
Androstadienone is related to the androgen sex hormones; however, androstadienone does not exhibit any androgenic or anabolic effects. Though it has been reported to significantly affect the mood of heterosexual women and homosexual men, it does not alter behavior overtly,[3][4][5][6] although it may have more subtle effects on attention.[7]
Androstadienone is commonly sold in male fragrances; it is purported to increase sexual attraction. Androstadienone, in picogram quantities, has been shown to have "significant reduction of nervousness, tension and other negative feeling states" in female subjects.[8]
See also
References
- ↑ "Smelling a single component of male sweat alters levels of cortisol in women". The Journal of Neuroscience 27 (6): 1261–1265. February 2007. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4430-06.2007. PMID 17287500.
- ↑ Weusten AM (1989). Biochemical pathways in human testicular steroidogenesis (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). Pressa Trajectina, Universiteit Utrecht.
- ↑ "Subthreshold amounts of social odorant affect mood, but not behavior, in heterosexual women when tested by a male, but not a female, experimenter". Biological Psychology 70 (3): 197–204. December 2005. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.01.008. PMID 16242537.
- ↑ "Mens' [sic Sweat Pheromone, Androstadienone, Influences Cooperation In Other Men"]. 2 June 2013. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/01/mens-sweat-pheromone-cooperation_n_3371709.html.
- ↑ "Human Pheromone Molecules". House of Pheromones. http://houseofpheromones.com/human-pheromone-effects-molecules/.
- ↑ "Human Sexual Responses Boosted by Bodily Scents". 1 May 2014. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/human-sexual-responses-boosted-by-bodily-scents/.
- ↑ "Putative human pheromone androstadienone attunes the mind specifically to emotional information". Hormones and Behavior 55 (4): 548–559. April 2009. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.01.002. PMID 19470369.
- ↑ "Behavioral and electrophysiological effects of androstadienone, a human pheromone". Psychoneuroendocrinology 25 (3): 289–299. April 2000. doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00056-6. PMID 10737699.
Further reading
- "A critical review of the evidence for the existence (1) human pheromones and (2) a functional vomeronasal organ (VNO) in humans". School of Biosciences, Cardiff University. 2005. http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staffinfo/jacob/teaching/sensory/pherom.html.
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