Chemistry:Carbide chloride

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Short description: Class of chemical compounds

Carbide chlorides are mixed anion compounds containing chloride anions and anions consisting entirely of carbon. In these compounds there is no bond between chlorine and carbon. But there is a bond between a metal and carbon. Many of these compounds are cluster compounds, in which metal atoms encase a carbon core, with chlorine atoms surrounding the cluster. The chlorine may be shared between clusters to form polymers or layers. Most carbide chloride compounds contain rare earth elements. Some are known from group 4 elements. The hexatungsten carbon cluster can be oxidised and reduced, and so have different numbers of chlorine atoms included.

The carbide chlorides are a subset of the halide carbides, with related compounds including the carbide bromides, and carbide iodides. Cluster compounds similar to these carbides, may instead replace carbon with boron, hydrogen, nitrogen or phosphorus.

List

formula system space group unit cell volume density comment reference
Ca3C3Cl2 orthorhombic Cmcm a=3.876, b=13.524, c=11.653 2.47 red [1]
Sc2CCl2 P3m1 a=3.39977 c=8.858 3.24 black [2]
Sc5CCl8 monoclinic C12/m1 a=17.8 b=3.5259 c=12.052 β=130.11 2.99 [2]
Sc7C2Cl10 monoclinic C12/m1 a=18.62 b=11.81 β=99.81 3.04 ruby red; moisture sensitive
Ti6CCl14 orthorhombic Cmce a=12.4592 b=12.2458 c=10.9576 2.93 black [2]
YCCl C12/m1 a=6.82 b=3.713 c=9.327 β=94.75 3.85 [2]
Y2C0.7Cl2 P3m1 a=3.7022 c=9.195 3.91 silvery grey [2]
Zr6CCl14 orthorhombic Cmce a=14.091 b=12.595 c=11.506 3.43 brown red [3][2]
KZr6CCl15 orthorhombic Pnma a=18.489 b=13.909 c=9.690 Z=4 2492 dark red; Zr6C clusters [4]
Rb4Zr6CCl18 C2/m a=10.460 b=17.239 c=9.721 β=115.05 Z=2 [5]
Rb[(Zr6C)Cl15] orthorhombic Pnma a=18.484,b= 18.962,c=9.708 Z= 4 2505.4 3.12 dark red-brown [6]
Cs4[Sc6C]Cl13 tetragonal I41/amd a = 15.405, c = 10.179 Z=4 green black [7]
Cs[(Zr6C)Cl15] orthorhombic Pnma a = 18.513 b = 13.916 c = 9.6383 Z=4 2483.1 dark red [8]
La2CCl R3m a=3.878 c=16.91 5.74 coppery red [9]
La2C2Cl monoclinic C12/c1 a=14.77 b=4.187 c=6.802 β=101.5 5.44 gold [10][9]
La3C3Cl2 monoclinic C12/c1 a=7.771 b=12.962 c=6.91 β=104.3 5.16 gold [9]
La4C2Cl5 orthorhombic Immm a=3.92 b=7.945 c=19.297 4.67 black [9]
La4C5Cl2 monoclinic C12/m1 a=22.57 b=3.91 c=1.019 β=95.69 5.07 gold [9]
La5C2Cl9 triclinic P1 a=8.645 b=8.706 c=11.925 α=84.97° β=85.78° γ=61.31° 4.40 red [9]
La6(C2)3Cl4 monoclinic P21/c a = 7.770, b = 12.962, c = 6.910 and β = 104.30° Z=2 674.4 5.158 gold; sheets of octahedra [11]
La8C8Cl5 monoclinic P121/c1 a=7.756 b=16.951 c=6.878 β=104.2 5.24 gold [10][9]
La8(C2)5Cl4 monoclinic C2/m a = 22.570, b = 3.9300, c = 10.190 β = 95.69° Z=2 899.4 5.071 gold [11]
La11C11Cl7 monoclinic P121/c1 a=7.77 b=47.038 c=6.901 β=104.28 5.19 gold [9]
La14C14Cl9 monoclinic P1C1 a=7.775 b=2.9963 c=6.895 β=104.21 5.19 gold [10][9]
La20C20Cl13 monoclinic P121/c1 a=7.762 b=42.941 c=6.903 β=104.26 5.18 black [10][9]
La36C36Cl23 monoclinic P121/c1 a=7.764 b=77.055 c=6.897 β=104.26 5.18 grey [10][9]
K[La5(C2)]Cl10 monoclinic P21/c a=8.5632, b=15.074, 17.115 β=119.74 Z=4 1918.3 3.85 light red [12]
Ce2C2Cl monoclinic C12/c1 a=14.573, b=4.129, c=6.696, β=101.37 5.71 gold [1]
Ce2(C2)2Cl monoclinic C2/c a = 14.573, b = 4.129, c = 6.696, β = 101.37 ° [13]
Ce3CCl5 monoclinic C12/c1 a=13.899, b=8.71, c=15.765, β=98.22 4.29 orange [1]
Ce4CCl8 monoclinic P1C1 a=13.538, b=10.487, c=22.845, β=126.31 4.35 black [9][14]
Ce5C2Cl9 triclinic P1 a=8.57, b=8.627, c=11.869, α=84.8, β=85.5, γ=61.29 red [1]
Ce6Cl10C2 monoclinic C12/c1 a= 13.899,b= 8.710,c= 15.765,β= 98.22° Z=4 1888.9 [15]
Ce8C8Cl5 monoclinic P121/c1 a=7.669, b=16.784, c=6.798, β=104.05 5.46 gold [10][1]
Ce18(C2)9Cl11 triclinic P1 a = 6.771, b = 7.657, c = 18.98,α = 88.90 °, β = 80.32 °, γ = 76.09 ° [13]
Ce26(C2)13Cl16 monoclinic P21/c a = 7.664, b = 54.25, c = 6.796, β = 103.98 ° [13]
K[Ce5(C2)]Cl10 monoclinic P21/c a=8.4739, b=15.017, c=1639 β=119.76 Z=4 1871.2 3.97 red [12]
Pr3CCl5 monoclinic C12/c1 a=13.867 b=8.638 c=15.69 β=97.67 4.37 yellow [2]
Pr4C2Cl5 orthorhombic Immm a=3.848 b=7.759 c=17.01 5.00 black [2]
Pr5C2Cl9 triclinic P1 a=8.526 b=8.592 c=11.821 α=84.77 β=85.42 γ=61.26 4.61 brown red [2]
Pr6C2Cl10 monoclinic C2/c a = 13.687, b = 8.638, c = 15.690, β = 97.67° yellow to green [16]
Pr8C8Cl5 monoclinic C121/c1 a=7.617 b=16.689 c=6.769 β=103.94 5.57 gold [2]
Pr11C11Cl7 monoclinic P121/c1 a=7.612 b=6.127 c=6.761 β=103.92 5.56 gold [2]
Pr14C14Cl9 monoclinic P1c1 a=7.611 b=29.392 c=6.764 β=103.9 5.56 gold [2]
K{Pr5(C2)}Cl10 hexagonal P63/m a=8.426 c=14.894 Z=2 915.9 dark red [17]
Rb{Pr5(C2)}Cl10 hexagonal P63/m a=8.4499, c=14.976 Z=2 926 4.19 red; trigonal bipyrmamid of Pr containing a C2 unit [18]
Rb[Nd5(C2)]Cl10 hexagonal a=08.398, c=14.88 4.33 dark red [12]
Gd2C2Cl P3m a=3.6902, c=20.308 [9]
Gd2C2Cl2 monoclinic P3m1 a=3.7633, c=9.4593 5.69 black; contains C24− [3][9]
Gd3CCl3 cubic I4132 a=10.734 6.34 [9]
Gd4C2Cl3 orthorhombic Pnma a=10.596, b=3.684, c=19.627 6.58 bronze [9][19]
Gd5C2Cl9 monoclinic P121/c1 a=9.182, b=16.12, c=12.886, β=119.86 4.54 black [9]
Gd5C6Cl3 monoclinic C12/m1 2.1507,0.37193,1.5331,90,123.34 6.25 bronze [9]
Gd6C3Cl5 monoclinic C12/m1 a=16.688,b=3.6969,c=12.824, β=128.26 6.18 grey [9]
Gd10C4Cl17 triclinic P1 a=8.498, b=9.174, c=11.462, α=104.56, β=95.98, γ=111.35 4.70 black; contains C24− [3][9]
Gd10C4Cl18 triclinic P1 a = 8.498, b = 9.174, c = 11.462, α = 104.56°, β = 95.98°, γ = 111.35°, Z = 1 contains C24− [20][3]
[Gd4(C2)](Cl, I)6 tetragonal P4/mbm a = 13.475, c = 12.125, Z = 2 black [21]
Rb2[Gd10(C2)2]Cl19 orthorhombic a=1.2228, b=2.2347, c=1.3896 4.31 black [22]
Cs2[Gd10(C2)2]Cl19 orthorhombic a=1.2344, b=2.2434, c=1.3924 4.41 black [22]
Cs3[Tb10(C2)2]Cl21 monoclinic C2/c Z = 4; a = 23.187; b = 12.458; c = 15.02; β = 98.13° black [23]
Lu2CCl2 R3m a=3.6017, c=27.16 7.07 brown [9]
Lu2CCl2 P3m1 a= 3.5972, c=9.0925 7.05 [9]
Cs2Lu[Lu6C]Cl18 R3 a = 9.817, c = 27.232, Z = 3 [24]
Hf6CCl14 orthorhombic Cmce a=13.938, b=12.498, c=11.399 5.28 [9]
W2CCl8 orthorhombic Pbca a=11.96 b=12.156 c=10.9576 2.83 black [2]
W6CCl15 monoclinic C121/c1 a=9.8831 b=11.8945 c=17.867 β =107.883 5.47 black [2]
W6CCl16 orthorhombic Pnma a=16.637 b=12.958 c=9.797 5.29 black [2]
W6CCl18 P62c a=8.923 c=17.503 4.82 black [2]
W30C2(Cl,Br)68 triclinic P1 a = 12.003, b = 14.862, c = 15.792, α = 88.75°, β = 68.85°, γ = 71.19° Z=1 2472.9 black [25]
Li[W6CCl18] hexagonal P63/m a = 8.8648, c = 17.490 Z=2 1188.2 black [26][27]
(Bu4N)[W6CCl18] [28]
(Me4N)2[W6CCl18] [27]
(Bu4N)2[W6CCl18] [28]
(Bu4N)3[W6CCl18] [28]
Na[W6CCl18] hexagonal P63/m a=8.9592 c=17.5226 Z=2 1188.2 [27]
Ca[W6CCl18] hexagonal P63/m a=8.9384 c=17.6526 Z=2 1220.4 [27]
Cu[W6CCl18] triclinic P1 a=8.89 b=8.929 c=17.669 α=81.85 β=80.78 γ=60.39 Z=2 1200.7 5.025 black [29]
Cu(C2H6OS)6[W6CCl18] monoclinic C2/c a=17.333 b=16.011 c=18.082 β=94.61 Z=4 5001.7 3.035 dark brown [29]
Cu(C2H6OS)4[W6CCl18]2 triclinic P1 a=9.47 b=12.630 c=13.634 α=104.69° β=90.16° γ=92.99° Z=1 1575.2 4.095 dark violet [29]
Ag[W6CCl18] hexagonal P63/m a=8.874 c=17.58 Z=2 1199 [27]
Cs[W6CCl18]·CH3OH orthorhombic P212121 a = 9.6957, b =  14.046, c = 20.238 Z=4 4.623 black; W in trigonal prism around C [26]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Villars, Pierre; Cenzual, Karin; Gladyshevskii, Roman (2014-12-17) (in en). Handbook of Inorganic Substances 2015. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 352. ISBN 978-3-11-031174-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=DSp1BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA354. 
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 Villars, Pierre; Cenzual, Karin; Gladyshevskii, Roman (2014-12-17) (in en). Handbook of Inorganic Substances 2015. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 354. ISBN 978-3-11-031174-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=DSp1BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA354. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Miller, Gordon J.; Burdett, Jeremy K.; Schwarz, Christine; Simon, Arndt (November 1986). "Molecular interstitials: an analysis of the gadolinium carbide chloride, Gd2C2Cl2" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 25 (24): 4437–4444. doi:10.1021/ic00244a031. ISSN 0020-1669. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ic00244a031. 
  4. ↑ Ziebarth, Robin P.; Corbett, John D. (August 1987). "Cation distributions within a cluster framework. Synthesis and structure of the carbon- and boron-centered zirconium cluster compounds KZr6Cl15C and CsKZr6Cl15B" (in en). Journal of the American Chemical Society 109 (16): 4844–4850. doi:10.1021/ja00250a015. ISSN 0002-7863. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja00250a015. 
  5. ↑ Zhang, Jie; Ziebarth, Robin P.; Corbett, John D. (February 1992). "Two novel phases containing centered, isolated zirconium clusters, Rb4Zr6Cl18C and Li6Zr6Cl18H" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 31 (4): 614–619. doi:10.1021/ic00030a017. ISSN 0020-1669. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ic00030a017. 
  6. ↑ Rohm, Henning W.; Köckerling, Martin (2008-05-01). "Synthesis and Structure of and Cation Distribution in the Zirconium Cluster Rb[(Zr 6 C)Cl 15 ]" (in en). Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 63 (5): 507–512. doi:10.1515/znb-2008-0505. ISSN 1865-7117. 
  7. ↑ Artelt, Holger M.; Schleid, Thomas; Meyer, Gerd (September 1994). "Cs4[Sc6CCl13 und Cs4[Pr6(C2)]I13 ? zwei Beispiele für das fehlende Bindeglied bei der Verknüpfung der Baueinheiten [M6Z]X12iX6a"] (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 620 (9): 1521–1526. doi:10.1002/zaac.19946200905. ISSN 0044-2313. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zaac.19946200905. 
  8. ↑ Rohm, Henning W.; Köckerling, Martin (2006-02-15). "Cation distribution in the zirconium chloride cluster phase Cs[(Zr 6 C)Cl 15 "]. Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 62 (2): i19–i20. doi:10.1107/S0108270105043076. ISSN 0108-2701. PMID 16456264. Bibcode: 2006AcCrC..62I..19R. http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S0108270105043076. 
  9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 9.19 9.20 9.21 9.22 Villars, Pierre; Cenzual, Karin; Gladyshevskii, Roman (2014-12-17) (in en). Handbook of Inorganic Substances 2015. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 353. ISBN 978-3-11-031174-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=DSp1BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA353. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Mattausch, Hansjürgen; Simon, Arndt; Kienle, Lorenz; Köhler, Jürgen; Hoch, Constantin; Nuss, Jürgen (December 2008). "Gewellt und eben - La 6 (C 2 )-Oktaederschichten in Lanthancarbidchloriden" (in en). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 634 (15): 2765–2776. doi:10.1002/zaac.200800264. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zaac.200800264. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Mattausch, Hansjürgen; Hoch, Constantin; Zheng, Chong; Simon, Arndt (February 2007). "La6(C2)3Cl4 und La8(C2)5Cl4: Schichten und Kanäle aus La6(C2)-Clustern" (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 633 (2): 239–245. doi:10.1002/zaac.200600289. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Uhrlandt, Stefan; Meyer, Gerd (November 1994). "Trigonal-bipyramidale Cluster mit interstitiellen C2-Hanteln in den Chloriden K[M5(C2)Cl10 (M = La, Ce, Pr) und Rb[M5(C2)]Cl10 (M = Pr, Nd)"] (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 620 (11): 1872–1878. doi:10.1002/zaac.19946201107. ISSN 0044-2313. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zaac.19946201107. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Mattausch, Hansjürgen; Simon, Arndt (July 2011). "Variationen modulo 4-4+, 4+3-3+4-, 4-5+, 5-4+4-5+4-4+ bei Seltenerdcarbidhalogeniden" (in en). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 637 (9): 1093–1100. doi:10.1002/zaac.201100055. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zaac.201100055. 
  14. ↑ Schaloske, Manuel C.; Kienle, Lorenz; Hoch, Constantin; Mattausch, Hansjürgen; Kremer, Reinhard K.; Simon, Arndt (May 2009). "The First Structure with Isolated Carbon-Centered Tetrahedra of Rare-Earth Metals - the New Compound Ce 4 CCl 8". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 635 (6–7): 1023–1029. doi:10.1002/zaac.200801391. 
  15. ↑ Schaloske, Manuel C.; Mattausch, Hansjürgen; Simon, Arndt (September 2008). "Crystal structure of hexacerium decachloride dicarbide, Ce6Cl10C2". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 223 (3): 189–190. doi:10.1524/ncrs.2008.0079. 
  16. ↑ Schaloske, Manuel C.; Mattausch, Hansjürgen; Kienle, Lorenz; Simon, Arndt (August 2008). "Pr6C2-Doppeltetraeder in Pr6C2Cl10 und Pr6C2Cl5Br5". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 634 (9): 1493–1500. doi:10.1002/zaac.200800026. 
  17. ↑ Uhrlandt, Stefan; Meyer, Gerd (November 1994). "Trigonal-bipyramidale Cluster mit interstitiellen C2-Hanteln in den Chloriden K[M5(C2)Cl10 (M = La, Ce, Pr) und Rb[M5(C2)]Cl10 (M = Pr, Nd)"] (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 620 (11): 1872–1878. doi:10.1002/zaac.19946201107. ISSN 0044-2313. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zaac.19946201107. 
  18. ↑ Meyer, Gerd; Uhrlandt, Stefan (September 1993). "The First Trigonal-Bipyramidal Cluster with an Interstitial C2 Unit: [Rb{Pr5(C2)}Cl10"] (in en). Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 32 (9): 1318–1319. doi:10.1002/anie.199313181. ISSN 0570-0833. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.199313181. 
  19. ↑ Bauhofer, Christine; Mattausch, Hansjürgen; Kremer, Reinhard K.; Simon, Arndt (September 1995). "Die Gadoliniumcarbidhalogenide Gd4C2X3 (X = Cl, Br)" (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 621 (9): 1501–1507. doi:10.1002/zaac.19956210911. ISSN 0044-2313. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zaac.19956210911. 
  20. ↑ Warkentin, E.; Masse, R.; Simon, A. (August 1982). "Gd10C4Cl18 und Gd10C4Cl17, zwei Seltenerdmetall-Clusterverbindungen mit interstitiellen C2-Gruppen" (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 491 (1): 323–336. doi:10.1002/zaac.19824910142. ISSN 0044-2313. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zaac.19824910142. 
  21. ↑ Ließ, Henning; Meyer, H.-Jürgen; Meyer, Gerd (March 1996). "[Gd4(C2)(Cl, I)6, an Interstitially Stabilized Heteroleptic Gadolinium Sesquihalide"] (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 622 (3): 494–500. doi:10.1002/zaac.19966220318. ISSN 0044-2313. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zaac.19966220318. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Ließ, Henning; Steffen, Frank; Meyer, Gerd (January 1997). "Quaternary chlorides and bromides with interstitially stabilized double octahedra, A2[Gd10(C2)2Cl19 (A = Rb, Cs), A2[Gd10(C2)2]Br19 (A = K,Rb), Rb2[Tb10(C2)2]Br19, and K2[Gd10(C2)2]Br20"] (in en). Journal of Alloys and Compounds 246 (1–2): 242–247. doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02476-0. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925838896024760. 
  23. ↑ Artelt, Holger M.; Meyer, Gerd (September 1994). "Cs3[Tb10(C2)2Cl21, ein neuer Formel- und Strukturtyp mit isolierten, dimeren Clustern"] (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 620 (9): 1527–1531. doi:10.1002/zaac.19946200906. ISSN 0044-2313. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zaac.19946200906. 
  24. ↑ Meyer, Gerd (December 1992). "Cs[Er6CI12 und Cs2Lu[Lu6C]Cl18: Beispiele für quaternäre reduzierte Halogenide der Lanthanide mit isolierten "Clustern""] (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 618 (12): 18–25. doi:10.1002/zaac.19926180104. ISSN 0044-2313. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zaac.19926180104. 
  25. ↑ Ströbele, Markus; Meyer, H.-Jürgen (2010-07-05). "The Trigonal Prismatic Cluster Compound W 6 CCl 15 and a Carambolage of Tungsten Clusters in the Structure of the Heteroleptic Cluster Compound W 30 C 2 (Cl,Br) 68" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 49 (13): 5986–5991. doi:10.1021/ic100516t. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 20521794. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic100516t. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Weisser, Martina; Ströbele, Markus; Meyer, H.-Jürgen (November 2005). "A synthesis route for carbon-centered triprismo-hexatungsten cluster compounds and the crystal structure of Cs[W6CCl18·CH3OH"] (in en). Comptes Rendus Chimie 8 (11–12): 1820–1826. doi:10.1016/j.crci.2005.02.034. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1631074805001773. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 Weisser, Martina; Burgert, Ralf; Schnöckel, Hansgeorg; Meyer, H.-Jürgen (April 2008). "Synthese und Untersuchung von kohlenstoff- und stickstoffzentrierten (Z) trigonal-prismatischen Wolframclustern des Formeltyps A[W6ZCl18"] (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 634 (4): 633–640. doi:10.1002/zaac.200700474. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zaac.200700474. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Welch, Eric J.; Crawford, Nathan R. M.; Bergman, Robert G.; Long, Jeffrey R. (2003-09-01). "New Routes to Transition Metal-Carbido Species: Synthesis and Characterization of the Carbon-Centered Trigonal Prismatic Clusters [W 6 CCl 18 n - ( n = 1, 2, 3)"] (in en). Journal of the American Chemical Society 125 (38): 11464–11465. doi:10.1021/ja035962v. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 13129326. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja035962v. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Mos, Agnieszka; Ströbele, Markus; Meyer, H.-Jürgen (October 2015). "Carbon Centered Trigonal Prismatic Tungsten Clusters [W 6 CCl 18 ] n- ( n = 1, 2) containing Copper(I) and Copper(II): Tungsten Clusters [W 6 CCl 18 ] n- ( n = 1, 2) with Copper(I) and (II)" (in en). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 641 (12–13): 2245–2249. doi:10.1002/zaac.201500571. 



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