Engineering:SpaceX Crew-3

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SpaceX Crew-3
Endurance docked at the ISS
NamesUSCV-3
Mission typeISS crew transport
OperatorSpaceX
Mission duration176 days, 2 hours, 39 minutes, 52 seconds
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftCrew Dragon
Spacecraft typeCrew Dragon
ManufacturerSpaceX
Launch mass12,055 kg (26,577 lb)[1]
Crew
Crew size4
Members
  • Raja Chari
  • Thomas Marshburn
  • Matthias Maurer
  • Kayla Barron
ExpeditionExpedition 66/67
Start of mission
Launch dateNovember 11, 2021, 02:03:31 (2021-11-11UTC02:03:31Z) UTC (November 10, 9:03:31 pm EDT)
RocketFalcon 9 Block 5 B1067-2
Launch siteKennedy, LC‑39A
End of mission
Recovered byMV Shannon
Landing dateMay 6, 2022, 04:43:23 (2022-05-06UTC04:43:24Z) UTC (12:43:23 am EDT)[2]
Landing siteGulf of Mexico, near Clearwater, Florida
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit
RegimeLow Earth orbit
Inclination51.66°
Docking with ISS
Docking portHarmony forward
Docking dateNovember 11, 2021, 23:32 UTC
Undocking dateMay 5, 2022, 05:20 UTC[2][3]
Time docked174 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes

NASA (left),[4] SpaceX (middle), and ESA (right) mission patches

From left: Chari, Marshburn, Maurer and Barron 

SpaceX Crew-3 was the Crew Dragon's third NASA Commercial Crew operational flight, and its fifth overall crewed orbital flight. The mission successfully launched on November 11, 2021, at 02:03:31 UTC to the International Space Station.[5] It was the maiden flight of Crew Dragon Endurance.[6]

This launch brought the total number of humans who have been to space to more than 600 with Maurer (600) and Barron (601).[7]

Name

Crew Dragon capsules have been given names by their initial crews — Endeavour for the first, and Resilience for the second. On October 7, 2021, it was announced that the third capsule will be called Endurance.[8] The name honors the SpaceX and NASA teams that endured through a pandemic, building the spacecraft and training the astronauts who flew it.[9] The name also honors Endurance, the ship used by Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. The three-masted vessel sank in 1915 after being bound in ice before reaching Antarctica.[10]

Crew

German ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer was selected first for the mission in September 2020.[11][12][13] NASA astronauts Raja Chari and Thomas Marshburn were added on December 14, 2020, to the crew.[14][15] The fourth seat was left open in anticipation that a Russian cosmonaut would take the seat, marking the beginning of a barter agreement that would see NASA and Roscosmos trade seats on the Soyuz and Commercial Crew Vehicles, although in April 2021 then-acting NASA administration Steve Jurczyk said that this agreement would be unlikely to start until after Crew-3 had launched.[16] The fourth seat was assigned to Kayla Barron in May 2021.[17]

Chari is the first rookie astronaut to command a NASA space mission since the Skylab 4 crew blasted off to the Skylab space station in 1973. Gerald Carr, who had not flown in space before, led a three-man crew on an 84-day flight on the Skylab.[18] This was also the first spaceflight for Maurer and Barron.[19]

Prime crew
Position Astronaut
Commander Raja Chari, NASA
Expedition 66/67
First spaceflight
Pilot Thomas Marshburn, NASA
Expedition 66/67
Third and last spaceflight
Mission specialist Matthias Maurer, ESA
Expedition 66/67
First spaceflight
Mission specialist Kayla Barron, NASA
Expedition 66/67
First spaceflight
References:[20][21][12][14][15][17]
Backup crew
Position Astronaut
Commander Kjell N. Lindgren, NASA
Pilot Robert Hines, NASA
Mission specialist Samantha Cristoforetti, ESA
Mission specialist Stephanie Wilson, NASA
References:[22][23][24]

The first astronauts of this NASA Astronaut Group 22 (nicknamed The Turtles) to fly to space, Raja Chari and Kayla Barron on SpaceX Crew-3 took a stuffed turtle as zero-g indicator to pay a tribute to their astronaut group.[25] Additionally, to include the other crew members on board, Matthias Maurer and Tom Marshburn the turtle was named "Pfau", a German word meaning "Peacock" for Matthias Maurer, who is German, and for Tom Marshburn, who was part of NASA Astronaut Group 19 (nicknamed The Peacocks).[26]

Mission

The third SpaceX operational mission in the Commercial Crew Program was originally scheduled to launch on October 31, 2021.[27] However, it was delayed to November 3, 2021, due to unfavorable weather in the Atlantic Ocean,[28] and then further delayed to November 7, 2021, due to a minor medical issue with one of the astronauts.[29] Due to expected bad weather, it was again delayed to November 9, 2021.[30]

Due to the launch delays, NASA decided to return the astronauts from Crew-2 before Crew-3 launched, thus being the first Crew Dragon indirect handover of space station crews.[31] SpaceX Crew-2 departed the station on November 8, 2021, and splashed down on November 9, 2021. SpaceX Crew-3 mission launched from Cape Canaveral on November 11, 2021, at 02:03:31 UTC.[32]

The return of Crew-3 was delayed multiple times, from April 2022 to early May. Undocking happened on May 5 (05:20 UTC), with splashdown occurring the following day after spending 176 days in space.[33]

The European segment of the mission is called "Cosmic Kiss".[34]

SpaceX Crew-3
  • The Crew-3 astronauts stand beneath a Falcon 9 rocket at a countdown dress rehearsal.
    Crew-3 astronauts during dress rehearsals
  • Crew Dragon Endurance with the Crew-3 astronauts aboard launches atop a Falcon 9 rocket launches from LC-39A.
    Launch of Crew-3
  • refer to caption
    Crew Dragon approaches the ISS
  • Crew Dragon Endurance streaks across the night sky as it reenters Earth's atmosphere.
    Crew-3 reenters the atmosphere
  • refer to caption
    Crew Dragon Endurance on MV Shannon after splashdown
  • refer to caption
    Crew-3 astronauts after splashdown

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Dragon Endurance". NASA. November 14, 2021. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2021-103A. "Mass: 12055 kg" 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kelvey, Jon (May 2, 2022). "Nasa's Crew-3 astronauts set to return to Earth this week" (in en). The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/space/nasa-crew3-return-earth-b2069979.html. "Nasa’s head of human spaceflight Kathy Lueders said the space agency aims to have the Crew-3 astronauts undock from the ISS in their Crew Dragon spacecraft around pm EDT on Wednesday 4 May, with a splashdown off the Florida coast to follow on 5 May." 
  3. ↑ Kanayama, Lee (April 27, 2022). "Crew Dragon Freedom makes its first docking at the ISS on the Crew-4 mission". NASASpaceFlight.com. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/dragon-freedom-docks-crew-4/. "This handover is expected to be complete by May 4, when Endurance is slated to depart the ISS, however this timeline will be contingent on recovery weather conditions." 
  4. ↑ Manchess, Gregory (May 19, 2021). "SpaceX Dragon Crew 3 Patch Design". https://www.muddycolors.com/2021/05/spacex-dragon-crew-3-patch-design/. 
  5. ↑ "SpaceX debuts new Dragon capsule in launch to the International Space Station". Spaceflight Now. November 11, 2021. https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/11/11/spacex-debuts-new-dragon-capsule-in-launch-to-the-international-space-station/. 
  6. ↑ Clark, Stephen. "Astronauts choose 'Endurance' as name for new SpaceX crew capsule – Spaceflight Now" (in en-US). https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/10/08/astronauts-choose-endurance-as-name-for-new-spacex-crew-capsule/. 
  7. ↑ Roulette, Joey (November 10, 2021). "More than 600 human beings have now been to space". https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/10/science/600-astronauts-space.html. "They've tipped the number of people to have gone to space to over 600, according to a tally maintained by NASA" 
  8. ↑ NASA's SpaceX Crew1 Post-Splashdown Briefing. NASA Video. May 2, 2021. Archived from the original on October 10, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2021 – via YouTube. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  9. ↑ Wall, Mike (October 7, 2021). "Meet "Endurance": New SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule gets a name". Space.com. https://www.space.com/spacex-crew-dragon-capsule-named-endurance. 
  10. ↑ "Astronauts choose "Endurance" as name for new SpaceX crew capsule". Spaceflight Now. October 8, 2021. https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/10/08/astronauts-choose-endurance-as-name-for-new-spacex-crew-capsule/. 
  11. ↑ Brown, Mike (October 1, 2020). "SpaceX and NASA Detail a Packed 12 months for Crew Dragon: What to Know". Inverse. https://www.inverse.com/innovation/spacex-crew-dragon-nasa-flights. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Becker, Joachim Wilhelm Josef (November 13, 2020). "Spaceflight mission report: SpaceX Crew-3". Space Facts. https://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/crew-3.htm. 
  13. ↑ Crewed Spaceflight Tweets [@MannedTweets] (September 8, 2020). "BREAKING NEWS ‼ Michal Vaclavik, Czech representative at ESA: Now baked at ESA. It is clear that ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet will fly on Crew-2, but we have now agreed that another ESA astronaut, Matthias Maurer, will fly to Crew-3 in September 2021. @ShuttleAlmanac t.co/lQ7LPYfaDp". https://twitter.com/MannedTweets/status/1303464156620873728. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Potter, Sean (December 14, 2020). "NASA, ESA Choose Astronauts for SpaceX Crew-3 Mission to Space Station". NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-esa-choose-astronauts-for-spacex-crew-3-mission-to-space-station.  Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Clark, Stephen (December 29, 2020). "Three astronauts assigned to Crew Dragon mission in late 2021". Spaceflight Now. https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/12/29/three-astronauts-assigned-to-crew-dragon-mission-in-late-2021/. 
  16. ↑ Clark, Stephen. "NASA chief: Russian cosmonauts unlikely fly on U.S. crew capsules until next year". Spaceflight Now. https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/04/20/nasa-chief-russian-cosmonauts-unlikely-fly-on-u-s-crew-capsules-until-next-year/. .
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Kayla Barron Joins NASA's SpaceX Crew-3 Mission to Space Station". NASA. May 17, 2021. https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/kayla-barron-joins-nasa-s-spacex-crew-3-mission-to-space-station.  Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  18. ↑ "Raja Chari is the first rookie astronaut in 48 years to command a NASA mission". Spaceflight Now. November 10, 2021. https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/11/10/raja-chari-is-the-first-rookie-astronaut-in-nearly-50-years-to-command-a-nasa-mission/. 
  19. ↑ "SpaceX launches mostly-rookie Crew-3 mission to ISS". November 10, 2021. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/crew-3-launch/. 
  20. ↑ "JSR 799 draft". Jonathan's Space Report. November 10, 2021. https://www.planet4589.org/latest.html. 
  21. ↑ "NASA assigns astronauts for third SpaceX commercial crew mission". SpaceNews. December 14, 2020. https://spacenews.com/nasa-assigns-astronauts-for-third-spacex-commercial-crew-mission/. 
  22. ↑ Whiting, Melanie (March 7, 2016). "Kjell N. Lindgren (M.D.) NASA Astronaut". NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/kjell-n-lindgren/biography.  Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  23. ↑ "Robert Hines NASA Astronaut". NASA. April 26, 2021. https://www.nasa.gov/content/astronaut-candidate-bob-hines.  Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  24. ↑ Marshburn, Thomas [@AstroMarshburn] (June 12, 2021). "Had a great week in Cologne, Germany, home of our crewmate @astro_matthias Our backup, @Astro_Stephanie joined us for our final training trip to the European Space Agency before we launch this fall! t.co/Zn8TaDn9NK". https://twitter.com/AstroMarshburn/status/1403769065194274818. 
  25. ↑ "SpaceX Crew-3". Twitter. https://twitter.com/sciguyspace/status/1458620101784129547. 
  26. ↑ "Crew-3 Mission". November 11, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aknndyovSKs. 
  27. ↑ Sempsrott, Danielle (October 19, 2021). "NASA, SpaceX Adjust Next Crew Launch Date to Space Station". NASA. https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2021/10/19/nasa-spacex-adjust-next-crew-launch-date-to-space-station.  Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  28. ↑ Sempsrott, Danielle (October 30, 2021). "NASA, SpaceX Adjust Next Space Station Crew Rotation Launch Date". NASA. https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2021/10/30/nasa-spacex-adjust-next-space-station-crew-rotation-launch-date-2/.  Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  29. ↑ "SpaceX's Crew-3 astronaut launch for NASA delayed by "minor medical issue"". Space.com. November 1, 2021. https://www.space.com/spacex-crew-3-launch-astronaut-medical-issue-delay. 
  30. ↑ "NASA rules out weekend Crew Dragon launch, may bring station crew home first". Spaceflight Now. November 4, 2021. https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/11/04/nasa-rules-out-weekend-crew-dragon-launch-may-bring-station-crew-home-first/. 
  31. ↑ "SpaceX crew launch bumped to next week; astronaut on mend". November 4, 2021. https://apnews.com/article/space-exploration-science-business-weather-26ca18622d5779b79aeac5bc41392cbe. 
  32. ↑ "Forum Crew-3". NASASpaceFlight.com. November 5, 2021. https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=51899.msg2307149;topicseen#new. 
  33. ↑ "SpaceX's Crew-3 astronaut mission will return to Earth early Friday morning" (in en). May 3, 2022. https://www.space.com/spacex-crew3-mission-return-to-earth-friday. 
  34. ↑ "ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer officially assigned first flight". ESA. December 14, 2020. https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/ESA_astronaut_Matthias_Maurer_officially_assigned_first_flight. 

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