Chemistry:Ciproxifan
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| Formula | C16H18N2O2 |
| Molar mass | 270.33 g·mol−1 |
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Ciproxifan is an extremely potent histamine H3 inverse agonist/antagonist.
The histamine H3 receptor is an inhibitory autoreceptor located on histaminergic nerve terminals, and is believed to be involved in modulating the release of histamine in the brain. Histamine has an excitatory effect in the brain via H1 receptors in the cerebral cortex, and so drugs such as ciproxifan which block the H3 receptor and consequently allow more histamine to be released have an alertness-promoting effect.[1][2][3]
Ciproxifan produces wakefulness and attentiveness in animal studies, and produced cognitive enhancing effects without prominent stimulant effects at relatively low levels of receptor occupancy, and pronounced wakefulness at higher doses.[4] It has therefore been proposed as a potential treatment for sleep disorders such as narcolepsy and to improve vigilance in old age, particularly in the treatment of conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.[5][6] It also potentiated the effects of antipsychotic drugs, and has been suggested as an adjuvant treatment for schizophrenia.[7]
References
- ↑ "The histamine H3 receptor as a novel therapeutic target for cognitive and sleep disorders". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 25 (12): 618–25. December 2004. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2004.10.003. PMID 15530639.
- ↑ "Histamine in the brain: beyond sleep and memory". Biochem. Pharmacol. 73 (8): 1113–22. April 2007. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.12.002. PMID 17241615.
- ↑ "The brain H3-receptor as a novel therapeutic target for vigilance and sleep-wake disorders". Biochem. Pharmacol. 73 (8): 1157–71. April 2007. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.01.002. PMID 17288995. http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00150083/document.
- ↑ "Correlation between ex vivo receptor occupancy and wake-promoting activity of selective H3 receptor antagonists". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 325 (3): 902–9. June 2008. doi:10.1124/jpet.107.135343. PMID 18305012.
- ↑ "Neurochemical and behavioral effects of ciproxifan, a potent histamine H3-receptor antagonist". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 287 (2): 658–66. November 1998. PMID 9808693. http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/287/2/658.abstract.
- ↑ "Selective histamine H3 receptor antagonists for treatment of cognitive deficiencies and other disorders of the central nervous system". Pharmacol. Ther. 103 (1): 1–20. July 2004. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.05.001. PMID 15251226.
- ↑ "Ciproxifan, a histamine H3-receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, potentiates neurochemical and behavioral effects of haloperidol in the rat". J. Neurosci. 22 (16): 7272–80. August 2002. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-16-07272.2002. PMID 12177222. PMC 6757889. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01490023/file/7272.full.pdf.
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