Chemistry:Mequitazine
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| Trade names | Primalan |
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| Formula | C20H22N2S |
| Molar mass | 322.47 g·mol−1 |
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Mequitazine (trade name Primalan) is an H1 antagonist and anticholinergic of the phenothiazine chemical class. It is used to treat allergies and rhinitis.
It was patented in 1969 and came into medical use in 1976.[2]
Contraindications
Severe liver disease; premature infants or full-term neonates.
Special precautions
Pregnancy, lactation; severe cardiovascular disorders; asthma; angle-closure glaucoma, urinary retention, prostatic hyperplasia, pyloroduodenal obstruction; renal and hepatic impairment; elderly, children; epilepsy. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery.
Adverse reactions
CNS depression including slight drowsiness to deep sleep, lassitude, dizziness, incoordination. Headache, psychomotor impairment and antimuscarinic effects. Rarely, rashes and hypersensitivity reactions, blood disorders, convulsions, sweating, myalgia, paraesthesias, extrapyramidal effects, tremor, confusion, sleep and GI disturbances, tinnitus, hypotension, hair loss. Photosensitivity, jaundice.
Drug interactions
Enhances effects of CNS depressants e.g. alcohol, barbiturates, hypnotics, opioid analgesics, anxiolytics and antipsychotics. Can mask signs of ototoxicity caused by aminoglycosides. QT prolongation (which can lead to torsades de pointes arrhythmia) reported with spiramycin.
Synthesis
Same precursor as for Quifenadine. Note that the synthesis has changed over the years from the original. One route seems to involve a Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction of the starting ketone, although another secondary route is also discussed.
References
- ↑ "Active substance: mequitazine". List of nationally authorised medicinal products. Amsterdam: European Medicines Agency. 15 October 2020. https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/psusa/mequitazine-list-nationally-authorised-medicinal-products-psusa/00001986/202001_en.pdf.
- ↑ (in en) Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. 2006. p. 548. ISBN 9783527607495. https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA548.
- ↑ Bondiou JC, Hodac F, Legroux D, US patent 4546185, issued Pharmuka Laboratoires
- ↑ "Expedient synthesis of mequitazine an antihistaminic drug by palladium catalyzed allylic alkylation of sodium phenothiazinate". Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 57 (11): 1300–2. November 2009. doi:10.1248/cpb.57.1300. PMID 19881287.
- ↑ "An efficient synthesis of mequitazine.". Organic Preparations and Procedures International 31 (3): 319–323. June 1999. doi:10.1080/00304949909458326.
- ↑ "Asymmetric synthesis of (+)-mequitazine from quinine". Organic Letters 13 (13): 3549–51. July 2011. doi:10.1021/ol2012567. PMID 21657243.
Further reading
- "[Efficacy of mequitazine (Primalan) on the relief of symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in children. Documented clinical experience]" (in Spanish). Revista Alergia Mexico 52 (6): 221–225. November–December 2005. PMID 16568706.
- "A dose-ranging study of the effects of mequitazine on actual driving, memory and psychomotor performance as compared to dexchlorpheniramine, cetirizine and placebo". Clinical and Experimental Allergy 34 (2): 250–258. February 2004. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01874.x. PMID 14987305.
- "Oxidation of histamine H1 antagonist mequitazine is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 2D6 in human liver microsomes". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 284 (2): 437–442. February 1998. PMID 9454781. http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/jpet/284/2/437.full.pdf.
- "Efficacy of mequitazine in comparison with placebo assessed by ocular challenge with allergen in allergic conjunctivitis". Allergy 52 (4): 451–454. April 1997. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb01028.x. PMID 9188930.
External links
- "Mequitazine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/mequitazine.
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