Chemistry:Diethylcarbamazine

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Short description: Chemical compound
Diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine.svg
Clinical data
Other namesDEC, N, N-diethyl-4-methyl-1-piperazine carboxamide
AHFS/Drugs.comMicromedex Detailed Consumer Information
Routes of
administration		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC10H21N3O
Molar mass199.298 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point47 to 49 °C (117 to 120 °F)
  (verify)

Diethylcarbamazine is a medication used in the treatment of filariasis including lymphatic filariasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, and loiasis.[1] It may also be used for prevention of loiasis in those at high risk.[1] While it has been used for onchocerciasis (river blindness), ivermectin is preferred.[2] It is taken by mouth.[3]

Common side effects include itching, facial swelling, headaches, and feeling tired.[3] Other side effects include vision loss and dizziness.[3] It is a recommended treatment in pregnancy and appears to be safe for the baby.[4][5] The World Health Organization; however, recommends waiting until after pregnancy for treatment when feasible.[2] It is made from 4-methyl-piperazine.[6]

Diethylcarbamazine was discovered in 1947[7] by Yellapragada Subbarow.[8][9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10] It is not commercially available in the United States but can be acquired from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.[1]

Medical uses

Diethylcarbamazine is indicated for the treatment of people with certain filarial diseases, including lymphatic filariasis caused by infection with Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, or Brugia timori; loiasis and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia.[11] The WHO recommends prescribing diethylcarbamazine to people who are infected with microfilariae of filarial parasites and also to control transmission of infection in filariasis-endemic areas.[citation needed]

In India and China, diethylcarbamazine has been added to salt to combat lymphatic filariasis.[12]

Contraindications

Contraindications are previous history of heart problems, gastrointestinal problems, and allergies.

Diethylcarbamazine is contraindicated in patients who may have onchocerciasis, due to the risk of the Mazzotti reaction.[13]

Mechanism

Diethylcarbamazine is an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism in microfilariae. This makes the microfilariae more susceptible to innate immune attack, but does not kill the parasites outright.[14]

Society and culture

Brand names

Brand names include Hetrazan, Carbilazine, Caricide, Cypip, Ethodryl, Notézine, Spatonin, Filaribits, Banocide Forte, and Eofil.[citation needed]

Veterinary uses

Diethylcarbamazine is used to prevent heartworm in dogs.[citation needed]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Our Formulary Infectious Diseases Laboratories CDC". 22 September 2016. https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/drugservice/formulary.html. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. 2009. p. 91. ISBN 9789241547659. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Diethylcarbamazine Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.com". https://www.drugs.com/cons/diethylcarbamazine.html. 
  4. ↑ (in en) Infectious Diseases of the Female Genital Tract. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2009. p. 382. ISBN 9780781778152. https://books.google.com/books?id=wuR_ngItU5oC&pg=PA382. 
  5. ↑ (in en) Quick Look Nursing: Pharmacology. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2005. p. 48. ISBN 9780763735951. https://books.google.com/books?id=RuyTlze9Y5kC&pg=PA48. 
  6. ↑ "WHO Model Prescribing Information: Drugs Used in Parasitic Diseases - Second Edition: Helminths: Lymphatic filariasis: Diethylcarbamazine". 1995. p. 152. http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jh2922e/3.5.1.html. 
  7. ↑ (in en) Disease Transmission by Insects: Its Discovery and 90 Years of Effort to Prevent it. Springer Science & Business Media. 2012. p. 260. ISBN 9783642457166. https://books.google.com/books?id=POnvCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA260. 
  8. ↑ "The treatment of ascariasis in dogs with 1-diethylcarbamyl-4-methylpiperazine hydrochloride". The Journal of Parasitology 34 (3): 237–239. June 1948. doi:10.2307/3273270. PMID 18867399. 
  9. ↑ "Yellapragada Subba Rao: The Unsung Hero". Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research 4 (2): 130–132. 2013. doi:10.4103/0975-9727.118248. https://www.mjmsr.net/article.asp?issn=0975-9727;year=2013;volume=4;issue=2;spage=130;epage=132;aulast=Kamath. 
  10. ↑ World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 
  11. ↑ "Efficacy of diethylcarbamazine in eradicating infection with lymphatic-dwelling filariae in humans". Reviews of Infectious Diseases (Oxford University Press) 7 (3): 341–356. 1985. doi:10.1093/clinids/7.3.341. PMID 3895352. 
  12. ↑ "Unfulfilled potential: using diethylcarbamazine-fortified salt to eliminate lymphatic filariasis". Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85 (7): 545–549. July 2007. doi:10.2471/blt.06.034108. PMID 17768503. 
  13. ↑ "Lymphatic Filariasis - Resources for Health Professionals - Guidance for Evaluation and Treatment". 2020-10-26. https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/health_professionals/dxtx.html. 
  14. ↑ "Setaria equina: in vivo effect of diethylcarbamazine citrate on microfilariae in albino rats". Experimental Parasitology 126 (4): 603–610. December 2010. doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2010.06.022. PMID 20599991. 

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