Chemistry:Etoperidone

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Short description: Chemical compound
Etoperidone
Etoperidone structure.svg
Clinical data
Trade namesSeveral
Other namesST-1191; McN-A-2673-11
Routes of
administration		By mouth
ATC code
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC19H28ClN5O
Molar mass377.92 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
 ☒N☑Y (what is this?)  (verify)

Etoperidone, associated with several brand names, is an atypical antidepressant which was developed in the 1970s and either is no longer marketed or was never marketed.[1][2][3] It is a phenylpiperazine related to trazodone and nefazodone in chemical structure and is a serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI) similarly to them.[4]

Medical uses

Etoperidone was used or was intended for use as an antidepressant in the treatment of depression.[1][5]

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Site Ki (nM) Species Ref
NET 20,000 Human [6]
DAT 52,000 Human [6]
5-HT1A 85 Human [7]
5-HT2A 36 Human [7]
5-HT2C ? ? ?
α1 38 Human [7]
α2 570 Human [7]
D2 2,300 Human [7]
H1 3,100 Human [7]
Values are Ki (nM). The smaller the value, the more strongly the drug binds to the site.

Etoperidone is as an antagonist of several receptors in the following order of potency: 5-HT2A receptor (36 nM) > α1-adrenergic receptor (38 nM) > 5-HT1A receptor (85 nM) (may be a partial agonist) > α2-adrenergic receptor (570 nM);[7] it has only very weak or negligible affinity for blocking the following receptors: D2 receptor (2,300 nM) > H1 receptor (3,100 nM) > mACh receptors (>35,000 nM).[7] In addition to its receptor blockade, etoperidone also has weak affinity for the monoamine transporters as well: serotonin transporter (890 nM) > norepinephrine transporter (20,000 nM) > dopamine transporter (52,000 nM).[6]

Pharmacokinetics

Etoperidone is metabolized in part to meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), which likely accounts for its serotonergic effects.[8][9]

Chemistry

Etoperidone is a phenylpiperazine and is chemically related to nefazodone and trazodone.[3][10][11]

History

Etoperidone was discovered by scientists at Angelini, who also discovered trazodone.[12] Its development names have included ST-1191 and McN-A-2673-11.[13][1] The INN etoperidone was proposed in 1976 and recommended in 1977.[14][15] The drug was given brand names in Spain (Centren (Esteve) and Depraser (Lepori)) and Italy (Staff (Sigma Tau))[1] and was also given the brand names Axiomin and Etonin,[13] but it is not entirely clear if it was actually marketed; the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia provides no dates for commercial introduction.[16] According to Micromedex's Index Nominum: International Drug Directory, etoperidone was indeed previously marketed in Spain and Italy.[1]

Society and culture

Generic names

Etoperidone is the generic name of the drug and its INN, while etoperidone hydrochloride is its USAN.[13][1][5]

Brand names

Etoperidone has been associated with the brand names Axiomin, Centren, Depraser, Etonin, and Staff.[1][13][16]

Research

Etoperidone has been studied in dementia and found to be about as effective as thioridazine.[17]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. 2000. p. 421. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpcTQD_L2oC&pg=PA421. 
  2. ↑ William Andrew Publishing (22 October 2013). Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia. Elsevier. pp. 1533–. ISBN 978-0-8155-1856-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=_J2ti4EkYpkC&pg=PA1533. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Arylpiperazine-Based 5-HT1A Receptor Partial Agonists and 5-HT2A Antagonists for the Treatment of Autism, Depression, Anxiety, Psychosis, and Schizophrenia". Bioactive Heterocyclic Compound Classes: Pharmaceuticals. John Wiley & Sons. 16 August 2012. pp. 81–97. doi:10.1002/9783527664450.ch6. ISBN 978-3-527-66447-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=35uKnWKD9V8C&pg=RA1-PA50. 
  4. ↑ Foundations of Mental Health Care - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 23 August 2016. pp. 245–. ISBN 978-0-323-37104-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=EFfoDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA245. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. Springer Science & Business Media. 6 December 2012. pp. 117–. ISBN 978-94-011-4439-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=tsjrCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA117. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named pmid9537821
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 "Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds". Psychopharmacology 114 (4): 559–65. 1994. doi:10.1007/bf02244985. PMID 7855217. 
  8. ↑ "Active drug metabolites. An overview of their relevance in clinical pharmacokinetics". Clinical Pharmacokinetics 10 (3): 216–227. 1985. doi:10.2165/00003088-198510030-00002. PMID 2861928. 
  9. ↑ "Etoperidone, trazodone and MCPP: in vitro and in vivo identification of serotonin 5-HT1A (antagonistic) activity". Psychopharmacology 108 (3): 320–326. 1992. doi:10.1007/BF02245118. PMID 1387963. 
  10. ↑ "46. Arylalkylamines". Lead optimization for medicinal chemists : pharmacokinetic properties of functional groups and organic compounds. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2012. ISBN 9783527645640. 
  11. ↑ "Atypical Psychotropic Agents" (in en). Drug Discovery and Development. Springer Science & Business Media. 1987. p. 390. ISBN 9781461248286. https://books.google.com/books?id=O0LuBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA390. 
  12. ↑ "Trazodone and the mental pain hypothesis of depression". Neuropsychobiology 15 (Suppl 1): 2–9. 1986. doi:10.1159/000118270. PMID 3014372. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. 14 November 2014. pp. 527–. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=0vXTBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA527. 
  14. ↑ "Proposed INN List 36". Supplement to the WHO Chronicle 30 (9). 1976. https://mednet-communities.net/inn/db/media/docs/p-innlist36.pdf. 
  15. ↑ "Recommended INN List 17". Supplement to the WHO Chronicle 31 (10). 1977. https://mednet-communities.net/inn/db/media/docs/r-innlist17.pdf. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia. (3rd ed.). Burlington: Elsevier. 2007. p. 1533. ISBN 978-0-8155-1856-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=_J2ti4EkYpkC&pg=PA1533. 
  17. ↑ "Thioridazine for dementia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): CD000464. 2001. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000464. PMID 11686961. 

External links



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