Chemistry:Neptunium tetrachloride
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol)
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| Properties | |
| Cl4Np | |
| Molar mass | 379 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | orange-brown crystals |
| Density | 4.95 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 538 °C (1,000 °F; 811 K) |
| Related compounds | |
Related compounds
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Uranium tetrachloride, Thorium tetrachloride |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Tracking categories (test):
Neptunium tetrachloride is a binary inorganic compound of neptunium metal and chlorine with the chemical formula NpCl
4.[1][2]
Synthesis
The compound can be prepared by:
- the reaction of neptunium nitride with HCl:[3]
- 2 NpN + 8 HCl → N
2 + 4 H
2 + 2 NpCl
4
- the reaction of neptunium sesquisulfide with HCl:
- Np
2S
3 + 8 HCl → 2 NpCl
4 + 3 H
2S + H
2
- the reaction of carbon tetrachloride with neptunium(IV) oxide or NpO
2. Neptunium tetrachloride is formed as a yellow sublimate.[4]
- NpO
2 + CCl
4 → NpCl
4 + CO
2
Other reactions are also used.[5]
Physical properties
NpCl
4 crystallizes in tetragonal crystal system of space group I4/amd.[6]
Chemical properties
The compound reacts with ammonia to produce neptunium trichloride:[3]
- 6 NpCl
4 + 2 NH
3 → 6 NpCl
3 + 6 HCl + N
2
Neptunium tetrachloride can be reduced to neptunium trichloride by hydrogen at 450 °C.
- 2 NpCl
4 + H
2 → 2 NpCl
3 + 2HCl
NpCl4 can form Lewis base adducts with non-protic solvents such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), pyridine and acetonitrile. These compounds are more accessible in practice than the binary NpCl4 salt. Solvates of the general formula NpCl4Lx may thus be isolated.[7] The most commonly used starting material for metal-organic neptunium chemistry is NpCl4(DME)2, which can be isolated as a pink powder.[8]
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References
- ↑ "WebElements Periodic Table » Neptunium » neptunium tetrachloride". webelements.com. https://webelements.com/compounds/neptunium/neptunium_tetrachloride.html.
- ↑ Stone, J. A.; Jones, E. R. (15 February 1971). "Mössbauer Spectra and Magnetic Susceptibility of Neptunium Tetrachloride below 85K". The Journal of Chemical Physics 54 (4): 1713–1718. doi:10.1063/1.1675076. Bibcode: 1971JChPh..54.1713S. https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jcp/article-abstract/54/4/1713/445637/Mossbauer-Spectra-and-Magnetic-Susceptibility-of?redirectedFrom=fulltext. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Sheft, Irving; Fried, Sherman (1950) (in en). New Neptunium Compounds. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Technical Information Division. p. 5. https://books.google.com/books?id=c1bcqdRlz4IC&dq=Neptunium+tetrachloride&pg=PA5. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ↑ Fried, S. (1947) (in en). The Basic Dry Chemistry of Neptunium. Atomic Energy Commission. p. 1. https://books.google.com/books?id=LLlctQDFobUC&dq=Neptunium+tetrachloride&pg=PA1. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ↑ Ahrland, S.; Bagnall, K. W.; Brown, D. (7 June 2016) (in en). The Chemistry of the Actinides: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier. p. 181. ISBN 978-1-4831-5934-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=awRPDAAAQBAJ&dq=Neptunium+tetrachloride&pg=PA181. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ↑ Spirlet, Marie-Rose; Jemine, Xavier; Goffart, Jean (1 January 1995). "A single-crystal X-ray structure determination of neptunium tetrachloride". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 216 (2): 269–271. doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)01264-I. ISSN 0925-8388. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/092583889401264I. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ↑ Lopez, Lauren M.; Uible, Madeleine C.; Zeller, Matthias; Bart, Suzanne C. (2024-06-04). "Lewis base adducts of NpCl4" (in en). Chemical Communications 60 (46): 5956–5959. doi:10.1039/D4CC01560F. ISSN 1364-548X. PMID 38766982.
- ↑ Reilly, Sean D.; Brown, Jessie L.; Scott, Brian L.; Gaunt, Andrew J. (2013-12-18). "Synthesis and characterization of NpCl4(DME)2 and PuCl4(DME)2 neutral transuranic An(IV) starting materials" (in en). Dalton Transactions 43 (4): 1498–1501. doi:10.1039/C3DT53058B. ISSN 1477-9234. PMID 24285347. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/dt/c3dt53058b.
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