Chemistry:Β-Leucine
From HandWiki
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name
3-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid | |
| Other names
DL-β-Leucine; Homovaline
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| 3DMet | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| C6H13NO2 | |
| Molar mass | 131.175 g·mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS pictograms | 
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| GHS Signal word | Warning |
| H315, H319, H335 | |
| P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+352, P304+340, P305+351+338, P312, P321, P332+313, P337+313, P362, P403+233, P405, P501 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Tracking categories (test):
β-Leucine (beta-leucine) is a beta amino acid and positional isomer of L-leucine which is naturally produced in humans via the metabolism of L-leucine by the enzyme leucine 2,3-aminomutase.[1][2][3] In cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficient individuals, plasma concentrations of β-leucine are elevated.[3]
Biosynthesis and metabolism in humans
A small fraction of L-leucine metabolism – less than 5% in all tissues except the testes where it accounts for about 33% – is initially catalyzed by leucine aminomutase, producing β-leucine, which is subsequently metabolized into β-ketoisocaproate (β-KIC), β-ketoisocaproyl-CoA, and then acetyl-CoA by a series of uncharacterized enzymes.[1][2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nutrient Metabolism: Structures, Functions, and Genes (2nd ed.). Academic Press. May 2015. pp. 385–388. ISBN 978-0-12-387784-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=aTQTAAAAQBAJ. Retrieved 6 June 2016. "Energy fuel: Eventually, most Leu is broken down, providing about 6.0kcal/g. About 60% of ingested Leu is oxidized within a few hours ... Ketogenesis: A significant proportion (40% of an ingested dose) is converted into acetyl-CoA and thereby contributes to the synthesis of ketones, steroids, fatty acids, and other compounds"
Figure 8.57: Metabolism of L-leucine - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Leucine metabolism". Technische Universität Braunschweig. http://www.brenda-enzymes.org/pathways/Maps/pathways/leucine_metabolism.svg.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Beta-Leucine (HMDB0003640)". http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB03640.
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