Chemistry:Ethynerone

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Short description: Chemical compound
Ethynerone
Ethynerone.svg
Clinical data
Routes of
administration		Oral
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC20H23ClO2
Molar mass330.85 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)

Ethynerone (INN, USAN), also known as 17α-(2-chloroethynyl)estra-4,9-dien-17β-ol-3-one, is a steroidal progestin of the 19-nortestosterone group that was first reported in 1961 but was never marketed.[1] Under the developmental code name MK-665, it was studied in combination with mestranol as an oral contraceptive.[2] Development of the drug was discontinued due to concerns surrounding toxicity findings in dogs.[2] It is a chloroethynylated derivative of norethisterone.[3]

In 1966, during its clinical development, ethynerone was found to produce mammary gland tumors in dogs treated with it at very high doses for prolonged periods of time.[4][5][6] Subsequent investigation found that 17α-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives included anagestone acetate, chlormadinone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and megestrol acetate produced similar mammary gland tumors, and that their ability to do so correlated directly with their progestogenic actions.[6][7] In contrast, the non-halogenated 19-nortestosterone derivatives norgestrel, norethisterone, noretynodrel, and etynodiol diacetate, which are much less potent as progestogens, did not produce such effects at the dosages tested.[6] Clinical development of ethynerone was discontinued, and many of the 17α-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives were withdrawn for the indication of hormonal contraception.[6][7] Research later on revealed species differences between dogs and humans and established that there is no similar risk in humans.[2]

Mammary tumors in beagle dogs treated by (left) MK-665 (ethynerone with mestranol) and (right) chloroethynylnorgestrel with mestranol for 4 years at a dosage of 1.05 mg/kg/day cyclically.

Synthesis

Ethynerone synthesis.[8] J. Fried and T. S. Bry U.S. Patent 3,096,353 (1963, Merck & Co. Inc).

See also

References

  1. ↑ The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. 14 November 2014. pp. 521–. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=0vXTBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA521. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Female Contraception: Update and Trends. Springer Science & Business Media. 6 December 2012. pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-3-642-73790-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=LtT6CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA134. 
  3. ↑ Acta Endocrinologica: Supplementum. Ejnar Munksgaard. 1974. p. 261. ISBN 9788774940968. https://books.google.com/books?id=0aMnAQAAIAAJ. 
  4. ↑ "FDA studies of estrogen, progestogens, and estrogen/progestogen combinations in the dog and monkey". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 3 (1–2): 179–93. September 1977. doi:10.1080/15287397709529557. PMID 411941. Bibcode: 1977JTEH....3..179G. 
  5. ↑ "History of chronic toxicity and animal carcinogenicity studies for pharmaceuticals". Veterinary Pathology 50 (2): 324–33. March 2013. doi:10.1177/0300985812450727. PMID 22700852. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Carcinogenic Hormones. Springer Science & Business Media. 6 December 2012. pp. 149–. ISBN 978-3-642-81267-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=lOLnCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA149. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hormonal Steroids: Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on Hormonal Steroids. Elsevier Science. 22 October 2013. pp. 7–8. ISBN 978-1-4831-5895-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=p1AJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7. 
  8. ↑ p165 Lednicer Mitscher book 1 and p146 (2)



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