Chemistry:List of additives in cigarettes

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This is a list of 599 additives that could be added to tobacco cigarettes. The ABC News program Day One first released the list to the public on March 7, 1994.[1] It was submitted to the United States Department of Health and Human Services in April 1994.[2][3][4] They are also listed in the documents that are part of the 1998 Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement.[5] It applies, as documented, only to American manufactured cigarettes intended for distribution within the United States by the listed companies. The five major tobacco companies that reported the information were:

  • American Tobacco Company
  • Brown and Williamson
  • Liggett Group, Inc.
  • Philip Morris Inc.
  • R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company

One significant issue is that while all these chemical compounds have been approved as additives to food, they were not tested by burning. Burning changes the properties of chemicals. Burning creates additional toxic compounds, including carcinogens.[6] According to the U.S. National Cancer Institute: "Of the more than 7,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 250 are known to be harmful, including hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and ammonia. Among the 250 known harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 69 can cause cancer."[7][2][8][9]

Although many of these additives are used in making cigarettes, each cigarette does not contain all of these additives. Some of these additives are found in cigarettes outside the USA too.[10]

Some American brands are sold in other nations. For example: Marlboro, L&M, Winston, Chesterfield, Kent, and Newport.[11][12]

A

Big Marlboro box in San Francisco. "Smokers die younger."
The front of a 20 pack of Marlboro red cigarettes sold in New Zealand.
Brazil's third and current batch of graphic images, mandatory on all cigarette packs.
Filipino graphic tobacco packaging warning messages currently used

B

C

D

  • Dandelion root solid extract
  • Davana oil
  • 2-trans,4-trans-Decadienal
  • delta-Decalactone
  • gamma-Decalactone
  • Decanal
  • Decanoic acid
  • 1-Decanol
  • 2-Decenal
  • Dehydromenthofurolactone
  • Diacetyl
  • Diammonium phosphate
  • Diethyl malonate
  • Diethyl sebacate
  • 2,3-Diethylpyrazine
  • Dihydro anethole
  • 5,7-Dihydro-2-methylthieno(3,4-D) pyrimidine
  • Dill seed oil and extract
  • meta-Dimethoxybenzene
  • para-Dimethoxybenzene
  • 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol
  • Dimethyl succinate
  • 3,4-Dimethyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione
  • 3,5-Dimethyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione
  • 3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene
  • 4,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
  • 6,10-Dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one
  • 3,7-Dimethyl-6-octenoic acid
  • 2,4 Dimethylacetophenone
  • alpha,para-Dimethylbenzyl alcohol
  • alpha,alpha-Dimethylphenethyl acetate
  • alpha,alpha-Dimethylphenethyl butyrate
  • 2,3-Dimethylpyrazine
  • 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine
  • 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine
  • Dimethyltetrahydrobenzofuranone
  • delta-Dodecalactone
  • gamma-Dodecalactone

E

F

G

H

  • 2,4-Heptadienal
  • gamma-Heptalactone
  • Heptanoic acid
  • 2-Heptanone
  • 3-Hepten-2-One
  • 2-Hepten-4-One
  • 4-Heptenal
  • trans-2-Heptenal
  • Heptyl acetate
  • omega-6-Hexadecenlactone
  • gamma-Hexalactone
  • Hexanal
  • Hexanoic acid
  • 2-Hexen-1-Ol
  • 3-Hexen-1-Ol
  • cis-3-Hexen-1-yl acetate
  • 2-Hexenal
  • 3-Hexenoic acid
  • trans-2-Hexenoic acid
  • cis-3-Hexenyl formate
  • Hexyl 2-methylbutyrate
  • Hexyl acetate
  • Hexyl alcohol
  • Hexyl phenylacetate
  • L-Histidine
  • Honey
  • Hops oil
  • Hydrolyzed milk solids
  • Hydrolyzed plant proteins
  • 5-Hydroxy-2,4-decadienoic acid delta-lactone
  • 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone
  • 2-Hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one
  • 4-Hydroxy-3-pentenoic Acid lactone
  • 2-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde
  • 4-Hydroxybutanoic acid lactone
  • Hydroxycitronellal
  • 6-Hydroxydihydrotheaspirane
  • 4-(para-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone
  • Hyssop oil

I

  • Immortelle absolute and extract
  • alpha-Ionone
  • beta-Ionone
  • alpha-Irone
  • Isoamyl acetate
  • Isoamyl benzoate
  • Isoamyl butyrate
  • Isoamyl cinnamate
  • Isoamyl formate
  • Isoamyl hexanoate
  • Isoamyl isovalerate
  • Isoamyl octanoate
  • Isoamyl phenylacetate
  • Isobornyl acetate
  • Isobutyl acetate
  • Isobutyl alcohol
  • Isobutyl cinnamate
  • Isobutyl phenylacetate
  • Isobutyl salicylate
  • 2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine
  • alpha-Isobutyl phenethyl alcohol
  • Isobutyraldehyde
  • Isobutyric Acid
  • d,l-Isoleucine
  • alpha-Isomethyl ionone
  • 2-Isopropylphenol
  • Isovaleric acid

J

K

  • Kola nut extract

L

M

  • Mace powder, extract and oil
  • Magnesium carbonate
  • Malic acid
  • Malt and malt extract
  • Maltodextrin
  • Maltol
  • Maltyl isobutyrate
  • Mandarin oil
  • Maple syrup and concentrate
  • Mate leaf, absolute and oil
  • para-Mentha-8-Thiol-3-One
  • Menthol
  • Menthone
  • Menthyl acetate
  • dl-Methionine
  • Methoprene
  • 2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol
  • 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol
  • para-Methoxybenzaldehyde
  • 1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-1-penten-3-one
  • 4-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone
  • 1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone
  • Methoxypyrazine
  • Methyl 2-furoate
  • Methyl 2-octynoate
  • Methyl 2-pyrrolyl ketone
  • Methyl anisate
  • Methyl anthranilate
  • Methyl benzoate
  • Methyl cinnamate
  • Methyl dihydrojasmonate
  • Methyl ester of rosin, partially hydrogenated
  • Methyl isovalerate
  • Methyl linoleate (48%)
  • Methyl linolenate (52%) mixture
  • Methyl naphthyl ketone
  • Methyl nicotinate
  • Methyl phenylacetate
  • Methyl salicylate
  • Methyl sulfide
  • 3-Methyl-1-cyclopentadecanone
  • 4-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pentanone
  • 5-Methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal
  • 5-Methyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde
  • 6-Methyl-3,-5-heptadien-2-one
  • 2-Methyl-3-(para-isopropylphenyl) propionaldehyde
  • 5-Methyl-3-hexen-2-one
  • 1-Methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropylbenzene
  • 4-Methyl-3-pentene-2-one
  • 2-Methyl-4-phenylbutyraldehyde
  • 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one
  • 4-Methyl-5-thiazoleethanol
  • 4-Methyl-5-vinylthiazole
  • Methyl-alpha-ionone
  • Methyl-trans-2-butenoic acid
  • 4-Methylacetophenone
  • para-Methylanisole
  • alpha-Methylbenzyl acetate
  • alpha-Methylbenzyl alcohol
  • 2-Methylbutyraldehyde
  • 3-Methylbutyraldehyde
  • 2-Methylbutyric acid
  • alpha-Methylcinnamaldehyde
  • Methylcyclopentenolone
  • 2-Methylheptanoic acid
  • 2-Methylhexanoic acid
  • 3-Methylpentanoic acid
  • 4-Methylpentanoic acid
  • 2-Methylpyrazine
  • 5-Methylquinoxaline
  • 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran-3-one
  • (Methylthio)Methylpyrazine (mixture of isomers)
  • 3-Methylthiopropionaldehyde
  • Methyl 3-methylthiopropionate
  • 2-Methylvaleric acid
  • Mimosa absolute and extract
  • Molasses extract and tincture
  • Mountain maple solid extract
  • Mullein flowers
  • Myristaldehyde
  • Myristic acid
  • Myrrh oil

N

O

P

R

S

T

  • Tagetes oil
  • Tannic acid
  • Tartaric acid
  • Tea leaf and absolute
  • alpha-Terpineol
  • Terpinolene
  • Terpinyl acetate
  • 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinoxaline
  • 1,5,5,9-Tetramethyl-13-oxatricyclo(8.3.0.0(4,9))tridecane
  • 2,3,4,5- and 3,4,5,6-Tetramethylethyl-cyclohexanone
  • 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine
  • Thiamine hydrochloride
  • Thiazole
  • L-Threonine
  • Thyme oil, white and red
  • Thymol
  • Tobacco extracts
  • Tocopherols (mixed)
  • Tolu balsam gum and extract
  • Tolualdehydes
  • para-Tolyl 3-methylbutyrate
  • para-Tolyl acetaldehyde
  • para-Tolyl acetate
  • para-Tolyl isobutyrate
  • para-Tolyl phenylacetate
  • Triacetin
  • 2-Tridecanone
  • 2-Tridecenal
  • Triethyl citrate
  • 3,5,5-Trimethyl-1-hexanol
  • para,alpha,alpha-Trimethylbenzyl alcohol
  • 4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)but-2-en-4-one
  • 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1,4-dione
  • 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dienyl methanal
  • 4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dienyl)but-2-en-4-one
  • 2,2,6-Trimethylcyclohexanone
  • 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine
  • L-Tyrosine

U

  • delta-Undecalactone
  • gamma-Undecalactone
  • Undecanal
  • 2-Undecanone
  • 10-Undecenal
  • Urea

V

W

X

Y

See also

References

  1. ↑ Timelines - Full Chronology | Inside The Tobacco Deal. PBS. Frontline.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cigarette Ingredients - Chemicals in Cigarettes. Tri-County Cessation Center. New York State Department of Health Tobacco Control Program.
  3. ↑ Pharmacological and Chemical Effects of Cigarette Additives. American Journal of Public Health. 2007 November; 97(11): 1981–1991. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.078014. PMC 2040350. By Michael Rabinoff, DO, PhD, Nicholas Caskey, PhD, Anthony Rissling, MA, and Candice Park, BS. "the industry has acknowledged using 599 different cigarette additives."
  4. ↑ What's In a Cigarette? American Lung Association.
  5. ↑ 599 additives commonly used by major tobacco companies in their manufacture of cigarettes.. Tobacco Industry Documents. Collection: RJ Reynolds Records; Master Settlement Agreement. University of California, San Francisco
  6. ↑ Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents in Tobacco Products and Tobacco Smoke: Established List. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
  7. ↑ Harms of Cigarette Smoking and Health Benefits of Quitting. National Cancer Institute. "Among the 250 known harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 69 can cause cancer."
  8. ↑ BAT December 12, 1986, Mutagenic Activity of Flavour Compounds. FN AQ2222, BN 400916808-400916815, cited in a health information web page published by BUPA
  9. ↑ What Chemicals Are In Cigarette Smoke?. By Christian Nordqvist on July 13, 2015. Medical News Today.
  10. ↑ What's in a cigarette? By Cancer Research UK.
  11. ↑ Marlboro's brand still one of world's best. By Alanna Petroff. May 27, 2015. CNN.
  12. ↑ Most valuable tobacco brands worldwide in 2022. By Koen van Gelder. Statista.

External links

  • Making cigarettes. Philip Morris International. List of ingredients by market and brand. Scroll down to "Product ingredient finder". Pick country. Download ingredient list for that country. Open it, and scroll down for ingredients by brand.



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