Chemistry:YK-11
YK-11 is a synthetic steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM).[1][2] It is a gene-selective partial agonist of the androgen receptor (AR) and does not induce the physical interaction between the NTD/AF1 and LBD/AF2 (known as the N/C interaction), which is required for full transactivation of the AR.[1][2] The drug has anabolic activity in vitro in C2C12 myoblasts and shows greater potency than dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in this regard.[2] It has been investigated as a potential treatment for sepsis-induced muscle wasting in animal studies.[3] YK-11 has been encountered as a novel designer drug.[4]
In 2022, Health Canada warned that SARMs such as myostine (YK-11) "are not authorized in Canada for any use and have not been reviewed by Health Canada for safety, effectiveness and quality. The use of bodybuilding products that contain SARMs can pose serious health risks such as heart attack, stroke and liver damage. The long-term effects on the body are unknown."[5]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "(17α,20E)-17,20-[(1-methoxyethylidene)bis(oxy)]-3-oxo-19-norpregna-4,20-diene-21-carboxylic acid methyl ester (YK11) is a partial agonist of the androgen receptor". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 34 (3): 318–323. 2011. doi:10.1248/bpb.34.318. PMID 21372378.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Selective androgen receptor modulator, YK11, regulates myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts by follistatin expression". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 (9): 1460–1465. 2013. doi:10.1248/bpb.b13-00231. PMID 23995658.
- ↑ "Myostatin inhibitor YK11 as a preventative health supplement for bacterial sepsis". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 543: 1–7. March 2021. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.030. PMID 33588136.
- ↑ "YK-11" (in ru). https://aipsin.com/newsubstance/170/.
- ↑ "Unauthorized products may pose serious health risks (March 26, 2021 to June 3, 2022) - Recalls, advisories and safety alerts". 2022-06-03. https://recalls-rappels.canada.ca/en/alert-recall/unauthorized-products-may-pose-serious-health-risks-march-26-2021-june-3-2022.
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