Chemistry:5N-Bicalutamide
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| Other names | 5-Azabicalutamide |
| Drug class | Nonsteroidal antiandrogen |
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| Formula | C17H13F4N3O4S |
| Molar mass | 431.36 g·mol−1 |
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5N-Bicalutamide, or 5-azabicalutamide, is a highly potent nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) which was discovered in 2016.[1][2] It is a structural modification of bicalutamide differing it from it only by the replacement of a carbon atom with a nitrogen atom in one of its phenyl rings.[1] Similarly to bicalutamide, the drug acts as a selective antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR).[1] However, unlike bicalutamide, it is a reversible covalent antagonist and stays bound to the receptor for a far longer amount of time.[1] As a result of this difference, 5N-bicalutamide has markedly improved potency relative to bicalutamide, with approximately 150-fold higher affinity for the AR (Ki = 0.15 nM versus 22.3 nM) and about 20-fold greater functional inhibition (IC50 = 15 nM versus 310 nM) of the AR.[1] Future studies of 5N-bicalutamide in normal and mutated prostate cancer cells are planned or underway and it is anticipated that N-bicalutamide may be able to overcome resistance.[1] to current antiandrogens that are used in the treatment of prostate cancer.[1]
Enzalutamide and related second-generation NSAAs like RD-162 and apalutamide were derived from bicalutamide and as a result are similar to it in chemical structure.[1] They have up to about 10-fold higher affinity for the AR than does bicalutamide and hence are comparatively more potent and efficacious antiandrogens.[1] However, their structures are rigidified such that the analogous structural modification that was done with bicalutamide to create 5N-bicalutamide could not be used to increase affinity or potency with them.[1] Enzalutamide was described in 2013 as "the emperor of all antiandrogens" and other second-generation NSAAs have similar potency to it,[3] so 5N-bicalutamide would appear to be among the most potent AR antagonists to have been developed thus far.[1]
See also
- Cyanonilutamide
- N-Terminal domain antiandrogen
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 "Development of 5N-Bicalutamide, a High-Affinity Reversible Covalent Antiandrogen". ACS Chemical Biology 12 (12): 2934–2939. December 2017. doi:10.1021/acschembio.7b00702. PMID 28981251.
- ↑ ; Fletterick, R. J. & Kuchenbecker, K. et al. US patent Patent 10053433B2, published 2016
- ↑ "Enzalutamide: The emperor of all anti-androgens". Translational Andrology and Urology 2 (2): 119–120. June 2013. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2012.09.04. PMID 24076589.
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