Chemistry:Valerylfentanyl
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| Formula | C24H32N2O |
| Molar mass | 364.533 g·mol−1 |
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Valerylfentanyl is an opioid analgesic that is an analog of fentanyl and has been sold online as a designer drug.[1] It has been seldom reported on illicit markets and there is little information about it, though it is believed to be less potent than butyrfentanyl but more potent than benzylfentanyl.[2] In one study, it fully substituted for oxycodone and produced antinociception and oxycodone-like discriminative stimulus effects comparable in potency to morphine in mice,[3] but failed to stimulate locomotor activity in mice at doses up to 100 mg/kg.[4]
Side effects
Side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea and potentially serious respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear.[5] A new wave of fentanyl analogues and associated deaths began in around 2014 in the US, and have continued to grow in prevalence; especially since 2016 these drugs have been responsible for hundreds of overdose deaths every week.[6]
Legal status
Valerylfentanyl is a Schedule I controlled drug in the USA since 1 February 2018.[7]
In December of 2019, the UNODC announced scheduling recommendations placing valerylfentanyl into Schedule I.[8]
See also
References
- ↑ "The metabolism of valerylfentanyl using human liver microsomes and zebrafish larvae". Drug Testing and Analysis 14 (6): 1116–1129. June 2022. doi:10.1002/dta.3233. PMID 35128825.
- ↑ "Misuse of Novel Synthetic Opioids: A Deadly New Trend". Journal of Addiction Medicine 11 (4): 256–265. 2017. doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000324. PMID 28590391.
- ↑ "Oxycodone-like discriminative stimulus effects of fentanyl-related emerging drugs of abuse in mice". Neuropharmacology 150: 210–216. May 2019. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.007. PMID 30735691.
- ↑ "Opioid-like antinociceptive and locomotor effects of emerging fentanyl-related substances". Neuropharmacology 151: 171–179. June 2019. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.023. PMID 30904478.
- ↑ "Fentanyls: Are we missing the signs? Highly potent and on the rise in Europe". The International Journal on Drug Policy 26 (7): 626–631. July 2015. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.003. PMID 25976511.
- ↑ "Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review". Neuropharmacology 134 (Pt A): 121–132. May 2018. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.016. PMID 29042317. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xh0s7nf.
- ↑ "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Seven Fentanyl-Related Substances in Schedule I". Federal Register. 1 February 2018. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/02/01/2018-02008/schedules-of-controlled-substances-temporary-placement-of-seven-fentanyl-related-substances-in.
- ↑ "December 2019 – WHO: World Health Organization recommends 12 NPS for scheduling". https://www.unodc.org/LSS/Announcement/Details/021820a0-8746-42a4-9ee3-47ce50b30ca3.
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