Chemistry:NFEPP
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| Drug class | Opioid |
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| Formula | C22H27FN2O |
| Molar mass | 354.469 g·mol−1 |
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NFEPP (N-(3-fluoro-1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpropionamide) is an analgesic opioid chemical, similar in structure to fentanyl, designed in 2016 by Spahn et al. from Free University of Berlin[2] to avoid the standard negative side effects of opiates, including opioid overdose, by only targeting inflamed tissue.[3]
Inflamed tissue
Inflamed tissue has a lower pH value (~5–7) than non-inflamed tissue (7.4).[4] Through computer simulation, scientists found a way to make the fentanyl analog only affect inflamed tissue via the addition of fluorine to the chemical structure. In experiment, it was shown that NFEPP produced injury-restricted analgesia in rats with different types of inflammatory pain without exhibiting typical opiate effects, including respiratory depression, sedation, constipation, and chemical seeking behavior.[5][6][7]
As a result, NFEPP has the potential to reduce opioid addiction and dependency, as there is no effect on users who are not actually suffering from pain, as the chemical does not interact with non-inflamed brain tissue until much higher doses are reached.[8]
References
- ↑ Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (February 2018). "Schedules of Controlled Substances:Temporary Placement of Fentanyl-Related Substances in Schedule I. Temporary amendment; temporary scheduling order". Federal Register 83 (25): 5188–92. PMID 29932611.
- ↑ "A nontoxic pain killer designed by modeling of pathological receptor conformations". Science 355 (6328): 966–969. March 2017. doi:10.1126/science.aai8636. PMID 28254944. Bibcode: 2017Sci...355..966S.
- ↑ Halford, Bethany (2017). "An opioid minus major side effects". Chemical & Engineering News 95 (10): 8. http://cen.acs.org/articles/95/i10/opioid-minus-major-side-effects.html.
- ↑ Mole, Beth (March 4, 2017). "Early study suggests new opioid is non-addictive, works only where it hurt". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/03/tweaking-fentanyls-chemical-structure-may-create-safer-opioid/.
- ↑ "Analgesic effects of a novel pH-dependent μ-opioid receptor agonist in models of neuropathic and abdominal pain". Pain 159 (11): 2277–2284. November 2018. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001328. PMID 29994988.
- ↑ "Uncovering the analgesic effects of a pH-dependent mu-opioid receptor agonist using a model of nonevoked ongoing pain". Pain 161 (12): 2798–2804. December 2020. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001968. PMID 32639370.
- ↑ "Evolving acidic microenvironments during colitis provide selective analgesic targets for a pH-sensitive opioid". Pain 164 (11): 2501–2515. June 2023. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002956. PMID 37326658.
- ↑ "A low pKa ligand inhibits cancer-associated pain in mice by activating peripheral mu-opioid receptors". Scientific Reports 10 (1): 18599. October 2020. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75509-4. PMID 33122720. Bibcode: 2020NatSR..1018599B.
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