Chemistry:CERC-501

From HandWiki
CERC-501
LY-2456302.svg
Clinical data
Other namesLY-2456302
Routes of
administration		By mouth[1]
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability25%[1]
Elimination half-life30–40 hours[1]
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC26H27FN2O2
Molar mass418.512 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)

CERC-501 (originally known as LY-2456302) is a selective antagonist of the κ-opioid receptor (KOR) which was originally developed by Eli Lilly and is now under development by Janssen Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of major depressive disorder and substance use disorders including alcoholism, nicotine addiction, and illicit drug dependence.[2][3][4][5][6]

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

CERC-501 is a potent, selective, short-acting (i.e., non-"inactivating") antagonist of the KOR (Ki = 0.81 nM vs. 24.0 nM and 155 nM for the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and δ-opioid receptor (DOR), respectively; approximately 30-fold selectivity for the KOR).[3][4][5] The drug has been found to dose-dependently block fentanyl-induced miosis at 25 mg and 60 mg in humans (with minimal to no blockade at doses of 4 to 10 mg), suggesting that the drug significantly occupies and antagonizes the MOR at a dose of at least 25 mg but not of 10 mg or less.[5] However, a more recent study assessing neuroendocrine effects of the drug in normal volunteers and subjects with a history of cocaine dependence reported observations consistent with modest MOR antagonism at the 10 mg dose.[7] In animal models of depression, CERC-501 has been found to have potent synergistic efficacy in combination with other antidepressants such as citalopram and imipramine.[8]

Positron emission tomography imaging revealed that brain KORs were almost completely saturated by the drug 2.5 hours following a single dose of 10 mg, which supported the 4 mg to 25 mg dosages that CERC-501 is being explored in clinical trials.[6][9] Occupancy was 35% for a 0.5 mg dose and 94% for a 10 mg dose.[9] At 24 hours post-dose, receptor occupancy was 19% for 0.5 mg and 82% for 25 mg.[9] No serious side effects were observed, and all side effects seen were mild to moderate and not considered to be due to CERC-501.[9]

Pharmacokinetics

The oral bioavailability of CERC-501 is 25% and is regarded as good.[1] The drug is rapidly absorbed, with maximal concentrations occurring 1 to 2 hours after administration.[1] It has an elimination half-life of 30 to 40 hours in healthy subjects.[1] The circulating levels of CERC-501 increase proportionally with increasing doses.[1] Steady-state concentrations are reached after 6 to 8 days of once-daily dosing.[1] CERC-501 has been shown to reproducibly penetrate the blood–brain barrier.[6][9]

History

CERC-501 was originally developed by Eli Lilly under the code name LY-2456302.[2] It first appeared in the scientific literature in 2010.[10]

In February 2015, Cerecor Inc. announced that they had acquired the rights from Eli Lilly to develop and commercialize LY-2456302 (under the new developmental code name of CERC-501).[11]

As of 2016, CERC-501 has reached phase II clinical trials as an augmentation to antidepressant therapy for treatment-resistant depression.[12][8] A phase II study of CERC-501 in heavy smokers was commenced in early 2016 and results of the study were expected before the end of 2016.[9] Unfortunately, CERC-501 failed to meet its main endpoint for nicotine withdrawal in the study.[13]

In August 2017, it was announced that Cerecor had sold its rights to CERC-501 to Janssen Pharmaceuticals.[14][13] Janssen is also developing esketamine (JNJ-54135419) for the treatment of depression.[13]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "Major Depressive Disorder and Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists". Translational Perioperative and Pain Medicine 1 (2): 4–16. 2016. PMID 27213169. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "CERC 501". Adis Insight. 30 January 2018. http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800032395. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "LY2456302 is a novel, potent, orally-bioavailable small molecule kappa-selective antagonist with activity in animal models predictive of efficacy in mood and addictive disorders". Neuropharmacology 77: 131–44. February 2014. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.09.021. PMID 24071566. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of single- and multiple-ascending doses of a novel kappa opioid receptor antagonist LY2456302 and drug interaction with ethanol in healthy subjects". Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 54 (9): 968–78. September 2014. doi:10.1002/jcph.286. PMID 24619932. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Determining pharmacological selectivity of the kappa opioid receptor antagonist LY2456302 using pupillometry as a translational biomarker in rat and human". The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 18 (2). October 2014. doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyu036. PMID 25637376. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 BusinessWire (11 December 2015). "Publication Reports Human Brain Penetration and Target Engagement of Cerecor’s Oral Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonist, CERC-501". http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151211005042/en/Publication-Reports-Human-Brain-Penetration-Target-Engagement. 
  7. ↑ "Repeated Administration of Opra Kappa (LY2456302), a Novel, Short-Acting, Selective KOP-r Antagonist, in Persons with and without Cocaine Dependence". Neuropsychopharmacology 43 (4): 928. March 2018. doi:10.1038/npp.2017.245. PMID 29422497. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Antagonists of the kappa opioid receptor". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 24 (9): 2021–32. May 2014. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.040. PMID 24690494. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 "Receptor Occupancy of the κ-Opioid Antagonist LY2456302 Measured with Positron Emission Tomography and the Novel Radiotracer 11C-LY2795050". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 356 (2): 260–6. February 2016. doi:10.1124/jpet.115.229278. PMID 26628406. 
  10. ↑ "Synthesis and evaluation of 11C-LY2795050 as a κ-opioid receptor antagonist radiotracer for PET imaging". Journal of Nuclear Medicine 54 (3): 455–63. March 2013. doi:10.2967/jnumed.112.109512. PMID 23353688. 
  11. ↑ "Cerecor Bolsters Clinical Pipeline with Acquisition of Phase 2-ready Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonist from Eli Lilly and Company". February 20, 2015. http://cerecor.com/news-publications/news-publications-press-release-2015-02-20.php. 
  12. ↑ Rankovic, Zoran; Hargreaves, Richard; Bingham, Matilda (2012). Drug Discovery for Psychiatric Disorders. Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 314–317. ISBN 978-1-84973-365-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=J4Mq3Lm1R7kC&pg=PA314. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Bushey, Ryan (August 2017). "J&J Adds New Depression Drug to Portfolio". Drug Discovery and Development Magazine. https://www.dddmag.com/article/2017/08/j-j-adds-new-depression-drug-portfolio. 
  14. ↑ "Cerecor Announces Divestiture of CERC-501 to Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.". Marketwired. August 2017. http://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/Cerecor-Announces-Divestiture-of-CERC-501-to-Janssen-Pharmaceuticals-Inc-1002255296. 

External links




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