Chemistry:Thiafentanil
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| Formula | C22H28N2O4S |
| Molar mass | 416.54 g·mol−1 |
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Thiafentanil (A-3080, Thianil) is a highly potent opioid analgesic that is an analog of fentanyl, and was invented in 1986.[1] Its analgesic potency is slightly less than that of carfentanil (itself approximately 10,000 times the potency of morphine, or 4,000 times that of heroin),[2] though with a faster onset of effects, shorter duration of action and a slightly lesser tendency to produce respiratory depression. It is used in veterinary medicine to anesthetise animals such as impala, usually in combination with other anesthetics such as ketamine, xylazine or medetomidine to reduce the prevalence of side effects such as muscle rigidity.[3]
Side effects
Side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea and potentially serious respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. Potent pure opioid antagonists such as naltrexone or nalmefene are recommended in the event of accidental human exposure to thiafentanil.[4] Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear.[5] A new wave of fentanyl analogues and associated deaths began in around 2014 in the US, and have continued to grow in prevalence; especially since 2016 these drugs have been responsible for hundreds of overdose deaths every week.[6]
Legal status
Thiafentanil is a Schedule II controlled drug in the USA since August 2016.[7]
See also
References
- ↑ Bao-Shan Huang, Ross C. Terrell, Kirsten H. Deutsche, Linas V. Kudzma, Nhora L. Lalinde (22 April 1986). Patent US4584303A - N-aryl-N-(4-piperidinyl)amides and pharmaceutical compositions and method employing such compounds. https://patents.google.com/patent/US4584303A.
- ↑ "Carfentanil: a narrative review of its pharmacology and public health concerns". Can J Anaesth 66 (4): 414–421. April 2019. doi:10.1007/s12630-019-01294-y. PMID 30666589.
- ↑ "Chemical capture of impala (Aepyceros melampus): A review of factors contributing to morbidity and mortality". Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 44 (5): 991–1006. September 2017. doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2017.04.005. PMID 29050999.
- ↑ Haymerle A, Fahlman A, Walzer C. Human exposures to immobilising agents: results of an online survey. Vet Rec. 2010 Aug 28;167(9):327-32. "Human exposures to immobilising agents: results of an online survey". The Veterinary Record 167 (9): 327–32. August 2010. doi:10.1136/vr.c4191. PMID 20802186.
- ↑ "Fentanyls: Are we missing the signs? Highly potent and on the rise in Europe". The International Journal on Drug Policy 26 (7): 626–31. July 2015. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.003. PMID 25976511. http://www.ijdp.org/article/S0955-3959%2815%2900097-3/abstract.
- ↑ "Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review". Neuropharmacology 134 (Pt A): 121–132. May 2018. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.016. PMID 29042317. https://escholarship.org/content/qt8xh0s7nf/qt8xh0s7nf.pdf?t=oyg19p.
- ↑ Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (August 2016). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Thiafentanil Into Schedule II. Interim final rule with request for comments". Federal Register 81 (166): 58834–40. PMID 27568479.
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