Biology:KLRC2
 Generic protein structure example |
NKG2-C type II integral membrane protein or NKG2C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLRC2 gene.[1][2] It is also known as or cluster of differentiation 159c (CD159c).
Function
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. NK cells preferentially express several calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins, which have been implicated in the regulation of NK cell function. The group, designated KLRC (NKG2) are expressed primarily in natural killer (NK) cells and encodes a family of transmembrane proteins characterized by a type II membrane orientation (extracellular C terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. The KLRC (NKG2) gene family is located within the NK complex, a region that contains several C-type lectin genes preferentially expressed on NK cells. KLRC2 alternative splice variants have been described but their full-length nature has not been determined.[2]
Interactions
KLRC2 has been shown to interact and form dimers with CD94.[3][4] The CD94/NKG2C heterodimer can bind to HLA-E[5][6] and this binding leads to NK cells activation.
During infection with human cytomegalovirus, peptides derived from the virus are presented on HLA-E and natural killer cells that express the CD94/NKG2C receptor can specifically recognise the virus peptides. This recognition leads to activation, expansion, and differentiation of adaptive NK cells.[7]
See also
References
- ↑ "Sequence analysis of a 62-kb region overlapping the human KLRC cluster of genes". Genomics 49 (2): 193–9. Apr 1998. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5197. PMID 9598306.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: KLRC2 killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 2". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3822.
- ↑ "Human natural killer cell receptors involved in MHC class I recognition are disulfide-linked heterodimers of CD94 and NKG2 subunits". Journal of Immunology 157 (11): 4741–5. Dec 1996. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.157.11.4741. PMID 8943374.
- ↑ "Direct binding of purified HLA class I antigens by soluble NKG2/CD94 C-type lectins from natural killer cells". Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 49 (5): 459–65. May 1999. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00566.x. PMID 10320637.
- ↑ "HLA-E binds to natural killer cell receptors CD94/NKG2A, B and C.". Nature 391 (6669): 795–9. Feb 1998. doi:10.1038/35869. PMID 9486650. Bibcode: 1998Natur.391..795B.
- ↑ "HLA-E is a major ligand for the natural killer inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2A". PNAS 95 (9): 5199–204. Apr 1998. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.9.5199. PMID 9560253. Bibcode: 1998PNAS...95.5199L.
- ↑ "Peptide-specific recognition of human cytomegalovirus strains controls adaptive natural killer cells.". Nature Immunology 19 (5): 453–463. May 2018. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0082-6. PMID 29632329.
Further reading
- "DNA sequence analysis of NKG2, a family of related cDNA clones encoding type II integral membrane proteins on human natural killer cells". The Journal of Experimental Medicine 173 (4): 1017–20. Apr 1991. doi:10.1084/jem.173.4.1017. PMID 2007850.
- "A multigene family on human chromosome 12 encodes natural killer-cell lectins". Immunogenetics 37 (6): 455–60. 1993. doi:10.1007/BF00222470. PMID 8436421.
- "Natural killer cell cytolytic activity is inhibited by NKG2-A and activated by NKG2-C". Journal of Immunology 158 (8): 3603–9. Apr 1997. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.158.8.3603. PMID 9103421.
- "HLA-E binds to natural killer cell receptors CD94/NKG2A, B and C". Nature 391 (6669): 795–9. Feb 1998. doi:10.1038/35869. PMID 9486650. Bibcode: 1998Natur.391..795B.
- "Association of DAP12 with activating CD94/NKG2C NK cell receptors". Immunity 8 (6): 693–701. Jun 1998. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80574-9. PMID 9655483.
- "The genomic organization of NKG2C, E, F, and D receptor genes in the human natural killer gene complex". Immunogenetics 48 (3): 163–73. Aug 1998. doi:10.1007/s002510050420. PMID 9683661.
- "Direct binding of purified HLA class I antigens by soluble NKG2/CD94 C-type lectins from natural killer cells". Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 49 (5): 459–65. May 1999. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00566.x. PMID 10320637.
- "Rapid evolution of NK cell receptor systems demonstrated by comparison of chimpanzees and humans". Immunity 12 (6): 687–98. Jun 2000. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80219-8. PMID 10894168.
- "Conservation and variation in human and common chimpanzee CD94 and NKG2 genes". Journal of Immunology 168 (1): 240–52. Jan 2002. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.1.240. PMID 11751968.
- "Variations of human killer cell lectin-like receptors: common occurrence of NKG2-C deletion in the general population". Genes and Immunity 4 (2): 160–7. Mar 2003. doi:10.1038/sj.gene.6363940. PMID 12618865.
- "Molecular genetic analyses of human NKG2C (KLRC2) gene deletion". International Immunology 16 (1): 163–8. Jan 2004. doi:10.1093/intimm/dxh013. PMID 14688071.
- "Role for NKG2-A and NKG2-C surface receptors in chronic CD4+ T-cell responses". Immunology and Cell Biology 82 (6): 587–95. Dec 2004. doi:10.1111/j.0818-9641.2004.01284.x. PMID 15550116.
- "The CD94/NKG2C killer lectin-like receptor constitutes an alternative activation pathway for a subset of CD8+ T cells". European Journal of Immunology 35 (7): 2071–80. Jul 2005. doi:10.1002/eji.200425843. PMID 15940674.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
 |  |
