Biology:LILRB4

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB4 gene.

This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4. The encoded protein belongs to the subfamily B class of LIR receptors which contain two or four extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain, and two to four cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). The receptor is expressed on monocytic cells and transduces a negative signal that inhibits stimulation of an immune response. The receptor can also function in antigen capture and presentation. It is thought to control inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity to help focus the immune response and limit autoreactivity. LILRB4 has also been proposed to be a potential target for tumor immunotherapy. It has been shown to express on tumor-associated macrophages and negatively regulate immune response in tumor. The expression of LILRB4 on monocytic myeloid leukemia cells supports infiltration and inhibits T cell proliferation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Interactions

LILRB4 has been shown to interact with PTPN6 and INPP5D (SHIP-1).

See also

• Cluster of differentiation
• Immunoglobulin superfamily

Further reading

• "LILRB4 signalling in leukaemia cells mediates T cell suppression and tumour infiltration". Nature 562 (7728): 605–609. October 2018. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0615-z. PMID 30333625. Bibcode: 2018Natur.562..605D. 
• "A Novel Anti-LILRB4 CAR-T Cell for the Treatment of Monocytic AML". Molecular Therapy 26 (10): 2487–2495. October 2018. doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.08.001. PMID 30131301. 
• "Disrupting LILRB4/APOE Interaction by an Efficacious Humanized Antibody Reverses T-cell Suppression and Blocks AML Development". Cancer Immunology Research 7 (8): 1244–1257. August 2019. doi:10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-19-0036. PMID 31213474. 
• "Central role of ILT3 in the T suppressor cell cascade". Cellular Immunology 248 (1): 59–67. July 2007. doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.01.013. PMID 17923119. 
• "Molecular identification of a novel family of human Ig superfamily members that possess immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs and homology to the mouse gp49B1 inhibitory receptor". Journal of Immunology 159 (5): 2342–9. September 1997. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.159.5.2342. PMID 9278324. 
• "Association of tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2, inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP with gp49B1, and chromosomal assignment of the gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 (2): 1070–4. January 1998. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.2.1070. PMID 9422771. 
• "A family of human lymphoid and myeloid Ig-like receptors, some of which bind to MHC class I molecules". Journal of Immunology 159 (11): 5192–6. December 1997. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.159.11.5192. PMID 9548455. 
• "Isotypic variation of novel immunoglobulin-like transcript/killer cell inhibitory receptor loci in the leukocyte receptor complex". European Journal of Immunology 28 (12): 3959–67. December 1998. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199812)28:12<3959::AID-IMMU3959>3.0.CO;2-2. PMID 9862332. 
• "Specificity of the SH2 domains of SHP-1 in the interaction with the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-bearing receptor gp49B". Journal of Immunology 162 (3): 1318–23. February 1999. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.3.1318. PMID 9973385. 
• "Plasticity in the organization and sequences of human KIR/ILT gene families". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97 (9): 4778–83. April 2000. doi:10.1073/pnas.080588597. PMID 10781084. Bibcode: 2000PNAS...97.4778W. 
• "Common polymorphisms and alternative splicing in the ILT3 gene are not associated with atopy". European Journal of Immunogenetics 27 (3): 121–7. June 2000. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2370.2000.00214.x. PMID 10940079. 
• "Genomic organization of the human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors within the leukocyte receptor complex on chromosome 19q13.4". Immunogenetics 51 (8–9): 659–69. July 2000. doi:10.1007/s002510000183. PMID 10941837. 
• "Conserved organization of the ILT/LIR gene family within the polymorphic human leukocyte receptor complex". Immunogenetics 53 (4): 270–8. 2001. doi:10.1007/s002510100332. PMID 11491530. 
• "Tolerization of dendritic cells by T(S) cells: the crucial role of inhibitory receptors ILT3 and ILT4". Nature Immunology 3 (3): 237–43. March 2002. doi:10.1038/ni760. PMID 11875462. 
• "HLA-G up-regulates ILT2, ILT3, ILT4, and KIR2DL4 in antigen presenting cells, NK cells, and T cells". FASEB Journal 19 (6): 662–4. April 2005. doi:10.1096/fj.04-1617fje. PMID 15670976. 
• "Expression, purification, and refolding of the myeloid inhibitory receptor leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor-5 for structural and ligand identification studies". Protein Expression and Purification 47 (2): 490–7. June 2006. doi:10.1016/j.pep.2005.11.020. PMID 16406677. 
• "Regulation of ILT3 gene expression by processing of precursor transcripts in human endothelial cells". American Journal of Transplantation 6 (1): 76–82. January 2006. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.01162.x. PMID 16433759. 
• "Recombinant Ig-like transcript 3-Fc modulates T cell responses via induction of Th anergy and differentiation of CD8+ T suppressor cells". Journal of Immunology 176 (5): 2790–8. March 2006. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.176.5.2790. PMID 16493035. 
• "Immunosuppressive activity of recombinant ILT3". International Immunopharmacology 6 (13–14): 1889–94. December 2006. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2006.07.017. PMID 17161342. 

External links

• LILRB4+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.