Biology:CD2

Short description: Cell adhesion molecule found on the surface of T cells and natural killer

Generic protein structure example

CD2 (cluster of differentiation 2) is a cell adhesion molecule found on the surface of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. It has also been called T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5, LFA-2, LFA-3 receptor, erythrocyte receptor and rosette receptor.

Function

It interacts with other adhesion molecules, such as lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3/CD58) in humans, or CD48 in rodents, which are expressed on the surfaces of other cells.

In addition to its adhesive properties, CD2 also acts as a co-stimulatory molecule on T and NK cells.

Diagnostic relevance

CD2 is a specific marker for T cells and NK cells, and can therefore be used in immunohistochemistry to identify the presence of such cells in tissue sections. The great majority of T cell lymphomas and leukaemias also express CD2, making it possible to use the presence of the antigen to distinguish these conditions from B cell neoplasms.

Classification

Due to its structural characteristics, CD2 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily; it possesses two immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular portion.

Interactions

CD2 has been shown to interact with CD2BP2, Lck and PSTPIP1.

Further reading

• "Structure and function of the erythrocyte receptor CD2 on human T lymphocytes: a review.". Scand. J. Rheumatol. Suppl. 76: 131–44. 1989. doi:10.3109/03009748809102963. PMID 2471997. 
• "CD2 induced apoptosis of peripheral T cells.". Transplant. Proc. 29 (5): 2377–8. 1997. doi:10.1016/S0041-1345(97)00410-7. PMID 9270771. 
• "Function and regulation of the transcription factors of the Myc/Max/Mad network.". Gene 277 (1–2): 1–14. 2001. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00697-7. PMID 11602341. 
• "Structural biology of the cell adhesion protein CD2: alternatively folded states and structure-function relation.". Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 2 (1): 1–17. 2002. doi:10.2174/1389203013381251. PMID 12369898. 
• "The OX-44 molecule couples to signaling pathways and is associated with CD2 on rat T lymphocytes and a natural killer cell line.". J. Exp. Med. 175 (2): 527–36. 1992. doi:10.1084/jem.175.2.527. PMID 1346273. 
• "The lymphocyte-specific tyrosine protein kinase p56lck is endocytosed in Jurkat cells stimulated via CD2.". J. Immunol. 148 (12): 3879–84. 1992. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.148.12.3879. PMID 1351089. 
• "Overlapping but nonidentical binding sites on CD2 for CD58 and a second ligand CD59.". Science 256 (5065): 1805–7. 1992. doi:10.1126/science.1377404. PMID 1377404. Bibcode: 1992Sci...256.1805H. 
• "The antigen-specific induction of normal human lymphocytes in vitro is down-regulated by a conserved HIV p24 epitope.". Immunol. Lett. 33 (3): 307–14. 1992. doi:10.1016/0165-2478(92)90078-3. PMID 1385321. 
• "A synthetic peptide with sequence identity to the transmembrane protein GP41 of HIV-1 inhibits distinct lymphocyte activation pathways dependent on protein kinase C and intracellular calcium influx.". Cell. Immunol. 137 (1): 1–13. 1991. doi:10.1016/0008-8749(91)90051-C. PMID 1832084. 
• "Association of CD2 and CD45 on human T lymphocytes.". Nature 345 (6270): 71–4. 1990. doi:10.1038/345071a0. PMID 1970422. Bibcode: 1990Natur.345...71S. 
• "Activation of tyrosine phosphorylation in human T cells via the CD2 pathway. Regulation by the CD45 tyrosine phosphatase.". J. Immunol. 145 (8): 2448–54. 1990. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.145.8.2448. PMID 1976695. 
• "Immunoregulatory effect of a synthetic peptide corresponding to a region of protein p24 of HIV.". Folia Biol. (Praha) 36 (1): 71–7. 1990. PMID 2111780. 
• "Molecular cloning of the CD2 antigen, the T-cell erythrocyte receptor, by a rapid immunoselection procedure.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (10): 3365–9. 1987. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.10.3365. PMID 2437578. Bibcode: 1987PNAS...84.3365S. 
• "Monoclonal antibody and ligand binding sites of the T cell erythrocyte receptor (CD2).". Nature 329 (6142): 842–6. 1987. doi:10.1038/329842a0. PMID 2444890. Bibcode: 1987Natur.329..842P. 
• "Molecular cloning and expression of T11 cDNAs reveal a receptor-like structure on human T lymphocytes.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (9): 2941–5. 1987. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.9.2941. PMID 2883656. Bibcode: 1987PNAS...84.2941S. 
• "Exon-intron organization and sequence comparison of human and murine T11 (CD2) genes.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (5): 1615–9. 1988. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.5.1615. PMID 2894031. Bibcode: 1988PNAS...85.1615D. 
• "The structure of the human CD2 gene and its expression in transgenic mice.". EMBO J. 7 (6): 1675–82. 1988. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02995.x. PMID 2901953. 
• "The sheep erythrocyte receptor and both alpha and beta chains of the human T-lymphocyte antigen receptor bind the mitogenic lectin (phytohaemagglutinin) from Phaseolus vulgaris.". Scand. J. Immunol. 23 (5): 535–44. 1986. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01985.x. PMID 3085210. 
• "Molecular cloning of the human T-lymphocyte surface CD2 (T11) antigen.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (22): 8718–22. 1986. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.22.8718. PMID 3490670. Bibcode: 1986PNAS...83.8718S. 

External links

• CD2+Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Mouse CD Antigen Chart
• Human CD Antigen Chart
• Human CD2 genome location and CD2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.