Biology:SEMA7A
Semaphorin 7A, GPI membrane anchor (John Milton Hagen blood group) (SEMA7A) also known as CD108 (Cluster of Differentiation 108), is a human gene.[1]
SEMA7A is a membrane-bound semaphorin that associates with cell surfaces via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. SEMA7A is also known as the John-Milton-Hagen (JMH) blood group antigen, an 80-kD glycoprotein expressed on activated lymphocytes and erythrocytes.[supplied by OMIM][1] SEMA7A is expressed in various adult tissues such as adipose, colon, esophagus, heart, brain, spleen, testis, lung, ovary, and uterus.[2]
Development
SEMA7A promotes axonal growth and is involved in mesoderm derived somite formation. Murine embryonic Sema7A expression is highest on day 7, which is indicative of its role on the differentiation of germ layer structure.[3] Embryonic Sema7A expression is noticeable at all developmental stages as well as in the newborn and adult thymus, indicative of a development T-cell role.[3] In wild type neurons, addition of Sema7A under in vitro conditions promotes elongation and branching in a dose dependent manner.[4] Unlike the majority of semaphorins, SEMA7A enhances axonal growth and is imperative for proper embryonic axonal tract formation.[5] Limited expression of SEMA7A is found in the hindbrain as opposed to an abundance of SEMA7A expression found in both the cranial and trunk neural crest cells, which indicates an involvement in migration and differentiation.[6] Sema7A -/- mice show defects in olfactory tract development.[7]
Tumorigenesis
In normal breast tissue, mRNA expression of SEMA7A is low or not expressed, but activation to re-express SEMA7A occurs in these adult tissues to cause pleiotropic effects which increase tumorigenesis.[8][9] Tumor cell growth, EMT, lung metastasis and angiogenesis have been linked to increased Sema7a expression in murine models.[10][11][12] Increased SEMA7A expression correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.[9] Tumors increase SEMA7A expression in an involuting environment, but knockout of SEMA7a in mouse models undergoing involution decreases lymphangiogenesis.[13]
Genetics
This protein is known to have eight variants in the extracellular region: seven lie within the Sema domain and one within the PSI domain.[citation needed]
Molecular biology
This protein forms dimers.[citation needed]
Notes
This protein acts as a receptor for the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: SEMA7A semaphorin 7A, GPI membrane anchor (John Milton Hagen blood group)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8482.
- ↑ "Tissue expression of SEMA7A - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas". https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000138623-SEMA7A/tissue.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "CDw108 expression during T-cell development". Tissue Antigens 55 (5): 429–436. May 2000. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550505.x. PMID 10885563.
- ↑ "Integrin-mediated dendrite branch maintenance requires Abelson (Abl) family kinases". The Journal of Neuroscience 25 (26): 6105–6118. June 2005. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1432-05.2005. PMID 15987940.
- ↑ "Semaphorin 7a promotes spreading and dendricity in human melanocytes through beta1-integrins". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 128 (1): 151–161. January 2008. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700974. PMID 17671519.
- ↑ "Sema3D and Sema7A have distinct expression patterns in chick embryonic development". Developmental Dynamics 235 (8): 2282–2289. August 2006. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20882. PMID 16804892.
- ↑ "Semaphorin 7A promotes axon outgrowth through integrins and MAPKs". Nature 424 (6947): 398–405. July 2003. doi:10.1038/nature01790. PMID 12879062. Bibcode: 2003Natur.424..398J.
- ↑ "Exploiting pleiotropic activities of semaphorins as multi-target therapies for cancer". EMBO Molecular Medicine 4 (3): 168–170. March 2012. doi:10.1002/emmm.201200206. PMID 22323445.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Semaphorin 7a exerts pleiotropic effects to promote breast tumor progression". Oncogene 35 (39): 5170–5178. September 2016. doi:10.1038/onc.2016.49. PMID 27065336.
- ↑ "Semaphorin7A promotes tumor growth and exerts a pro-angiogenic effect in macrophages of mammary tumor-bearing mice". Frontiers in Physiology 5: 17. 2014. doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00017. PMID 24550834.
- ↑ "Semaphorin-7a reverses the ERF-induced inhibition of EMT in Ras-dependent mouse mammary epithelial cells". Molecular Biology of the Cell 23 (19): 3873–3881. October 2012. doi:10.1091/mbc.e12-04-0276. PMID 22875994.
- ↑ "GOBO: gene expression-based outcome for breast cancer online". PLOS ONE 6 (3). March 2011. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017911. PMID 21445301. Bibcode: 2011PLoSO...617911R.
- ↑ "Semaphorin 7A Promotes Macrophage-Mediated Lymphatic Remodeling during Postpartum Mammary Gland Involution and in Breast Cancer". Cancer Research 78 (22): 6473–6485. November 2018. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-1642. PMID 30254150.
Further reading
- "Human semaphorin K1 is glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked and defines a new subfamily of viral-related semaphorins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 (35): 22428–22434. August 1998. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.35.22428. PMID 9712866.
- "New eukaryotic semaphorins with close homology to semaphorins of DNA viruses". Genomics 51 (3): 340–350. August 1998. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5256. PMID 9721204.
- "Molecular cloning of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule CDw108". Journal of Immunology 162 (7): 4094–4100. April 1999. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.7.4094. PMID 10201933.
- "Characterization of the human leukocyte GPI-anchored glycoprotein CDw108 and its relation to other similar molecules". Immunobiology 200 (2): 234–245. June 1999. doi:10.1016/s0171-2985(99)80073-4. PMID 10416131.
- "Plexins are a large family of receptors for transmembrane, secreted, and GPI-anchored semaphorins in vertebrates". Cell 99 (1): 71–80. October 1999. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80063-X. PMID 10520995.
- "CDw108 expression during T-cell development". Tissue Antigens 55 (5): 429–436. May 2000. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550505.x. PMID 10885563.
- "Sema7A is a potent monocyte stimulator". Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 56 (3): 270–275. September 2002. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01129.x. PMID 12193228.
- "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99 (26): 16899–16903. December 2002. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M.
- "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nature Genetics 36 (1): 40–45. January 2004. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Research 14 (10B): 2121–2127. October 2004. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334.
- "Odontoblast expression of semaphorin 7A during innervation of human dentin". Matrix Biology 24 (3): 232–238. May 2005. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2005.03.005. PMID 15907379.
- "Comparative proteomic analysis of intra- and interindividual variation in human cerebrospinal fluid". Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 4 (12): 2000–2009. December 2005. doi:10.1074/mcp.M500207-MCP200. PMID 16199891.
- "Association study of semaphorin 7a (sema7a) polymorphisms with bone mineral density and fracture risk in postmenopausal Korean women". Journal of Human Genetics 51 (2): 112–117. 2006. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0331-z. PMID 16372136.
External links
- SEMA7A+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- John Milton Hagen blood group system in the BGMUT blood group antigen gene mutation database
- PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Semaphorin-7A
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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