Biology:BST1
 Generic protein structure example |
Bst1 (Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1, ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2, CD157) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BST1 gene.[1][2][3] CD157 is a paralog of CD38, both of which are located on chromosome 4 (4p15) in humans.[4]
Bst1 is a stromal cell line-derived glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule that facilitates pre-B-cell growth. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits 33% similarity with CD38. BST1 expression is enhanced in bone marrow stromal cell lines derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The polyclonal B-cell abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis may be, at least in part, attributed to BST1 overexpression in the stromal cell population.[3]
CD157 and CD38 are both members of the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of nicotinamide and adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) or cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) from NAD+, although CD157 is a much weaker catalyst than CD38.[5][6][7] cADPR is required for regulation of Ca22+ in cells.[6] Only CD38 hydrolyzed cADPR to ADPR.[7] CD38 is widely expressed in tissues, whereas CD157 is primarily found in gut and lymphoid tissue.[7]
CD157 has an important role in controlling the migration of leukocytes, the adhesion of leukocytes to blood vessel walls, and the passage of leukocytes through blood vessel walls.[4]
CD157 contributes to macrophage killing of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria responsible for tuberculosis.[8]
CD157 is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia, and is being evaluated as a diagnostic sign, as a treatment target, and as a means of monitoring treatment progress.[9]
BST1 and BST2 genes are unregulated by the Nicotinamide (NAM) metabolism pathway.[10]
See also
References
- ↑ "Human canonical CD157/Bst1 is an alternatively spliced isoform masking a previously unidentified primate-specific exon included in a novel transcript". Scientific Reports 7 (1): 159231. 2017. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16184-w. PMID 29162908. Bibcode: 2017NatSR...715923F.
- ↑ "BST-1, a surface molecule of bone marrow stromal cell lines that facilitates pre-B-cell growth". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 (12): 5325–9. Jul 1994. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.12.5325. PMID 8202488. Bibcode: 1994PNAS...91.5325K.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: BST1 bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=683.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "CD38 and CD157: a long journey from activation markers to multifunctional molecules". Cytometry Part B 84 (4): 207–217. 2013. doi:10.1002/cyto.b.21092. PMID 23576305.
- ↑ "CD38, CD157, and RAGE as Molecular Determinants for Social Behavior". Cells 9 (1): 62. 2019. doi:10.3390/cells9010062. PMID 31881755.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Evolution and function of the ADP ribosyl cyclase/CD38 gene family in physiology and pathology". Physiological Reviews 88 (3): 841–886. 2008. doi:10.1152/physrev.00035.2007. PMID 18626062.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence". Cell Metabolism 27 (3): 529–547. 2018. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.011. PMID 29514064.
- ↑ "Roles of CD38 in the Immune Response to Infection". Cells 9 (1): 228. 2020. doi:10.3390/cells9010228. PMID 31963337.
- ↑ "CD157: From Myeloid Cell Differentiation Marker to Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemi". Cells 8 (12): 1580. 2019. doi:10.3390/cells8121580. PMID 31817547.
- ↑ "Nicotinamide metabolism regulates glioblastoma stem cell maintenance". JCI Insight 2 (10). May 2017. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.90019. PMID 28515364.
External links
- Human BST1 genome location and BST1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q10588 (Human ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 2) at the PDBe-KB.
Further reading
- "CD157, the Janus of CD38 but with a unique personality.". Cell Biochem. Funct. 20 (4): 309–22. 2003. doi:10.1002/cbf.978. PMID 12415565.
- "Elevated levels of the soluble form of bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 in the sera of patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis.". Arthritis Rheum. 39 (4): 629–37. 1996. doi:10.1002/art.1780390414. PMID 8630113.
- "Pancreatic islet cells express BST-1, a CD38-like surface molecule having ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 219 (3): 941–6. 1996. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.0327. PMID 8645283.
- "Human BST-1 expressed on myeloid cells functions as a receptor molecule.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 228 (3): 838–45. 1997. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.1741. PMID 8941363.
- "Genomic structure of human BST-1.". Immunol. Lett. 54 (1): 1–4. 1997. doi:10.1016/S0165-2478(96)02633-8. PMID 9030974.
- "Expression of homing receptors and related molecules on human mast cells and basophils: a comparative analysis using multi-color flow cytometry and toluidine blue/immunofluorescence staining techniques.". Tissue Antigens 54 (5): 499–507. 2000. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.1999.540507.x. PMID 10599889.
- "Site-directed removal of N-glycosylation sites in BST-1/CD157: effects on molecular and functional heterogeneity.". Biochem. J. 357 (Pt 2): 385–92. 2001. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3570385. PMID 11439087.
- "Signalling of GPI-anchored CD157 via focal adhesion kinase in MCA102 fibroblasts.". FEBS Lett. 506 (3): 207–10. 2001. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02912-X. PMID 11602246.
- "Crystallographic studies on human BST-1/CD157 with ADP-ribosyl cyclase and NAD glycohydrolase activities.". J. Mol. Biol. 316 (3): 711–23. 2002. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.5386. PMID 11866528.
- "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M.
- "CD157 is an important mediator of neutrophil adhesion and migration.". Blood 104 (13): 4269–78. 2005. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-06-2129. PMID 15328157.
- "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. 2004. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334.
- "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.". Nature 434 (7034): 724–31. 2005. doi:10.1038/nature03466. PMID 15815621. Bibcode: 2005Natur.434..724H.
- "Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.". J. Proteome Res. 4 (6): 2070–80. 2006. doi:10.1021/pr0502065. PMID 16335952.
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