Biology:ITGAE
 Generic protein structure example |
Integrin, alpha E (ITGAE) also known as CD103 (cluster of differentiation 103) is an integrin protein that in human is encoded by the ITGAE gene.[1][2] CD103 binds integrin beta 7 (β7– ITGB7) to form the complete heterodimeric integrin molecule αEβ7, which has no distinct name. The αEβ7 complex is often referred to as "CD103" though this strictly refers only to the αE chain. Note that the β7 subunit can bind with other integrin α chains, such as α4 (CD49d).
Tissue distribution
CD103 is expressed widely on intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) T cells (both αβ T cells and γδ T cells) and on some peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs).[3] It has also been reported on lamina propria T cells.[4] A subset of dendritic cells in the gut mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes, known as CD103 dendritic cells, also expresses this marker.[5]
It is useful in identifying hairy cell leukemia which is positive for this marker in contrast to most other hematologic malignancies which are negative for CD103 except for hairy cell leukemia variant, a fraction of splenic marginal zone lymphomas, and enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma.[6]
Function
The chief ligand for αEβ7 is E-cadherin, a cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) found on epithelial cells.[7] It is probably important for T cell homing to the intestinal sites[8] and thymocyte contacts with thymic reticuloepithelial cells.[9]
Tregs are important for decreasing the immune response and appear to play a crucial role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases. Tregs are defined as CD4+/CD25+/Foxp3+ cells.[10] Some CD4+/FoxP3− cells also express CD103 and have been attributed regulatory activity. It is unclear whether the presence of CD103 on Treg cells represents a specialized feature for Treg, or Treg differentiation of IEL T cells.
See also
References
- ↑ "Alpha E: no more rejection?". J. Exp. Med. 196 (7): 873–5. 2002. doi:10.1084/jem.20021404. PMID 12370249.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: integrin". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3682.
- ↑ "Expression of the integrin alpha Ebeta 7 identifies unique subsets of CD25+ as well as CD25- regulatory T cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (20): 13031–6. October 2002. doi:10.1073/pnas.192162899. PMID 12242333. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9913031L.
- ↑ "Replication of M-tropic HIV-1 in activated human intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes is the main reason for increased virus load in the intestinal mucosa". J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 38 (1): 23–30. January 2005. doi:10.1097/00126334-200501010-00005. PMID 15608520.
- ↑ "Functional specialization of gut CD103+ dendritic cells in the regulation of tissue-selective T cell homing". J. Exp. Med. 202 (8): 1063–73. October 2005. doi:10.1084/jem.20051100. PMID 16216890.
- ↑ WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (World Health Organization Classification of Tumours) (4th ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2008. ISBN 978-92-832-2431-0.
- ↑ "The epithelial cell-specific integrin, CD103 (alpha E integrin), defines a novel subset of alloreactive CD8+ CTL". J. Immunol. 159 (8): 3748–56. October 1997. PMID 9378961. http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9378961.
- ↑ "T-lymphocyte-epithelial-cell interactions: integrin alpha(E)(CD103)beta(7), LEEP-CAM and chemokines". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 12 (5): 563–8. October 2000. doi:10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00132-0. PMID 10978890.
- ↑ Kutleša, Snježana; Wessels, Johannes T.; Speiser, Angelika; Steiert, Inge; Müller, Claudia A.; Klein, Gerd (2002-12-01). "E-cadherin-mediated interactions of thymic epithelial cells with CD103+ thymocytes lead to enhanced thymocyte cell proliferation" (in en). Journal of Cell Science 115 (23): 4505–4515. doi:10.1242/jcs.00142. ISSN 1477-9137. PMID 12414996. https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/115/23/4505/27018/E-cadherin-mediated-interactions-of-thymic.
- ↑ "Expression of CD103 identifies human regulatory T-cell subsets". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 118 (6): 1342–9. December 2006. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.07.034. PMID 17137867.
Further reading
- "New genetic associations detected in a host response study to hepatitis B vaccine.". Genes Immun. 11 (3): 232–8. 2010. doi:10.1038/gene.2010.1. PMID 20237496.
- "Decidual CD8+CD28- T cells express CD103 but not perforin.". Hum. Immunol. 70 (2): 96–100. 2009. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2008.12.006. PMID 19150377.
- "Integrin alpha E(CD103)beta 7 influences cellular shape and motility in a ligand-dependent fashion.". Blood 112 (3): 619–25. 2008. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-01-134833. PMID 18492951.
- "Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score.". Mol. Med. 16 (7–8): 247–53. 2010. doi:10.2119/molmed.2009.00159. PMID 20379614.
- "Disease association of the CD103 polymorphisms in Taiwan Chinese Graves' ophthalmopathy patients". Ophthalmology 117 (8): 1645–51. 2010. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.12.037. PMID 20417566.
- "Molecular genetics of adult ADHD: converging evidence from genome-wide association and extended pedigree linkage studies". J Neural Transm 115 (11): 1573–85. 2008. doi:10.1007/s00702-008-0119-3. PMID 18839057.
- "Association of gene variants with incident myocardial infarction in the Cardiovascular Health Study". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28 (1): 173–9. 2008. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.153981. PMID 17975119.
- "T-lymphocyte-epithelial-cell interactions: integrin alpha(E)(CD103)beta(7), LEEP-CAM and chemokines". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 12 (5): 563–8. 2000. doi:10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00132-0. PMID 10978890.
- Hadley G (2004). "Role of integrin CD103 in promoting destruction of renal allografts by CD8 T cells". Am. J. Transplant. 4 (7): 1026–32. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00465.x. PMID 15196058.
- "Genetic variants in apoptosis and immunoregulation-related genes are associated with risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Cancer Res. 68 (24): 10178–86. 2008. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2221. PMID 19074885.
- "Gene variants associated with ischemic stroke: the cardiovascular health study". Stroke 40 (2): 363–8. 2009. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.521328. PMID 19023099.
- "Dengue hemorrhagic fever is associated with polymorphisms in JAK1". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 18 (11): 1221–7. 2010. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.98. PMID 20588308.
- "Essential role for CD103 in the T cell-mediated regulation of experimental colitis". J. Exp. Med. 202 (8): 1051–61. 2005. doi:10.1084/jem.20040662. PMID 16216886.
- "Alpha E: no more rejection?". J. Exp. Med. 196 (7): 873–5. 2002. doi:10.1084/jem.20021404. PMID 12370249.
- "CD103 is a marker for alloantigen-induced regulatory CD8+ T cells". J. Immunol. 177 (5): 2775–83. 2006. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.177.5.2775. PMID 16920912.
- "Alpha E beta 7 integrin interaction with E-cadherin promotes antitumor CTL activity by triggering lytic granule polarization and exocytosis". J. Exp. Med. 204 (3): 559–70. 2007. doi:10.1084/jem.20061524. PMID 17325197.
- "Effect of variation in ITGAE on risk of sarcoidosis, CD103 expression, and chest radiography". Clin. Immunol. 133 (1): 117–25. 2009. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2009.06.007. PMID 19604725.
- "The beta 7 integrins in mucosal homing and retention". Semin. Immunol. 7 (5): 335–42. 1995. doi:10.1016/1044-5323(95)90014-4. PMID 8580465.
- "Ligand recognition by the I domain-containing integrins". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 54 (6): 556–66. 1998. doi:10.1007/s000180050184. PMID 9676575.
- "Evaluation of CD103 as a cellular marker for the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis". Clin. Immunol. 126 (3): 338–44. 2008. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2007.11.005. PMID 18182176.
External links
- ITGAE+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- ITGAE Info with links in the Cell Migration Gateway
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