Biology:Gamma-glutamyltransferase 1

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1), also known as CD224 (Cluster of Differentiation 224), is a human gene.

Function

Human gamma-glutamyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to a variety of amino acids and dipeptide acceptors. This heteroduplex enzyme is composed of a heavy chain and a light chain, which are derived from a single precursor protein, and is present in tissues involved in absorption and secretion. This enzyme is a member of the gamma-glutamyltransferase protein family, of which many members have not yet been fully characterized. This gene encodes several transcript variants; studies suggest that many transcripts of this gene family may be non-functional or represent pseudogenes. The functional transcripts which have been fully characterized have been grouped and classified as type I gamma-glutamyltransferase. Complex splicing events may take place in a tissue-specific manner, resulting in marked dissimilarity in the 5' UTRs. Several 5' UTR transcript variants of the type I gene have been identified in different tissues and cancer cells.

See also

• Cluster of differentiation

Further reading

• "Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase gene organization and expression: a comparative analysis in rat, mouse, pig and human species". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 122 (4): 367–80. April 1999. doi:10.1016/S0305-0491(99)00013-9. PMID 10392451. 
• "Partial purification and some properties of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from human bile". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Enzymology 483 (1): 57–62. July 1977. doi:10.1016/0005-2744(77)90007-9. PMID 18198. 
• "Human kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Catalytic properties, subunit structure, and localization of the gamma-glutamyl binding site on the light subunit". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 252 (17): 6042–5. September 1977. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)40026-3. PMID 19463. 
• "Cytoplasmic gamma-glutamyltransferase: isolation, product formation and physiological role". Current Problems in Clinical Biochemistry 8: 201–15. 1978. PMID 28899. 
• "Gamma-glutamyltransferase: nucleotide sequence of the human pancreatic cDNA. Evidence for a ubiquitous gamma-glutamyltransferase polypeptide in human tissues". Biochemical Pharmacology 43 (12): 2527–33. June 1992. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(92)90140-E. PMID 1378736. 
• "An alternatively processed mRNA specific for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in human tissues". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 265 (6): 3256–62. February 1990. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)39761-3. PMID 1968061. 
• "Regulation of the expression of some genes for enzymes of glutathione metabolism in hepatotoxicity and hepatocarcinogenesis". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 97 (1): 23–34. January 1989. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(89)90052-5. PMID 2563599. 
• "Human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase cDNA: comparison of hepatoma and kidney mRNA in the human and rat". Gene 76 (1): 1–9. March 1989. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(89)90002-4. PMID 2568315. 
• "Different gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase mRNAs are expressed in human liver and kidney". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 164 (2): 912–8. October 1989. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)91545-3. PMID 2573352. 
• "Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of rat kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase cDNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 83 (4): 937–41. February 1986. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.4.937. PMID 2869484. Bibcode: 1986PNAS...83..937L. 
• "Assignment of the human gamma-glutamyl transferase gene to the long arm of chromosome 22". Human Genetics 76 (3): 283–6. July 1987. doi:10.1007/BF00283624. PMID 2885259. 
• "Renal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidases: structural and immunological studies". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 262 (2): 397–408. May 1988. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(88)90390-6. PMID 2896486. 
• "In vitro translation and processing of human hepatoma cell (Hep G2) gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 154 (3): 1167–73. August 1988. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(88)90263-X. PMID 2900635. 
• "Cloning and nucleotide sequence of human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 85 (23): 8840–4. December 1988. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.23.8840. PMID 2904146. Bibcode: 1988PNAS...85.8840R. 
• "The primary structure of human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase". Gene 73 (1): 1–9. December 1988. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(88)90307-1. PMID 2907498. 
• "Involvement of Ser-451 and Ser-452 in the catalysis of human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 (38): 22223–8. September 1995. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.38.22223. PMID 7673200. 
• "Human lung expresses unique gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase transcripts". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90 (16): 7461–5. August 1993. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.16.7461. PMID 7689219. Bibcode: 1993PNAS...90.7461W. 
• "Human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase mutants involving conserved aspartate residues and the unique cysteine residue of the light subunit". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 (21): 12471–5. May 1995. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.21.12471. PMID 7759490. 
• "Expression of multiple gamma-glutamyltransferase genes in man". The Biochemical Journal 297 (Pt 3): 503–8. February 1994. doi:10.1042/bj2970503. PMID 7906515. 
• "Significance of Arg-107 and Glu-108 in the catalytic mechanism of human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Identification by site-directed mutagenesis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 268 (6): 3980–5. February 1993. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53567-5. PMID 8095045. 

External links

• GGT1 +protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.