Biology:Integrin alpha L

Short description: Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Integrin, alpha L (antigen CD11A (p180), lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1; alpha polypeptide), also known as ITGAL, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGAL gene. CD11a functions in the immune system. It is involved in cellular adhesion and costimulatory signaling. It is the target of the drug efalizumab.

Function

ITGAL gene encodes the integrin alpha L chain. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This I-domain containing alpha integrin combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), which is expressed in all leukocytes. LFA-1 plays a central role in leukocyte intercellular adhesion through interactions with its ligands, ICAMs 1-3 (intercellular adhesion molecules 1 through 3), and also functions in lymphocyte costimulatory signaling.

CD11a is one of the two components, along with CD18, which form lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1.

Efalizumab acts as an immunosuppressant by binding to CD11a but was withdrawn in 2009 because it was associated with severe side effects.

Interactions

CD11a has been shown to interact with ICAM-1.

See also

• CD11c
• integrin
• leukocyte adhesion deficiency
• Cluster of differentiation

Further reading

• "Ins and outs of LFA-1.". Immunol. Today 16 (10): 479–83. 1995. doi:10.1016/0167-5699(95)80031-X. PMID 7576051. 
• "Ligand recognition by the I domain-containing integrins.". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 54 (6): 556–66. 1998. doi:10.1007/s000180050184. PMID 9676575. 
• "Integrins take partners: cross-talk between integrins and other membrane receptors.". Trends Cell Biol. 8 (10): 390–6. 1999. doi:10.1016/S0962-8924(98)01344-0. PMID 9789327. 
• "LFA-1 as a key regulator of immune function: approaches toward the development of LFA-1-based therapeutics.". Curr. Pharm. Des. 12 (22): 2771–95. 2006. doi:10.2174/138161206777947731. PMID 16918410. 
• "CD27 expression by a distinct subpopulation of human B lymphocytes.". Eur. J. Immunol. 20 (12): 2679–84. 1991. doi:10.1002/eji.1830201223. PMID 1702722. 
• "Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus infection in monocytes by monoclonal antibodies against leukocyte adhesion molecules.". Immunol. Lett. 30 (2): 219–27. 1992. doi:10.1016/0165-2478(91)90029-A. PMID 1757107. 
• "Differentially regulated cell surface expression of leukocyte adhesion receptors on neutrophils.". Kidney Int. 40 (5): 899–905. 1992. doi:10.1038/ki.1991.291. PMID 1762294. 
• "The leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein CD18 participates in HIV-1-induced syncytia formation in monocytoid and T cells.". J. Immunol. 144 (3): 934–7. 1990. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.144.3.934. PMID 1967280. 
• "Primary structure of the leukocyte function-associated molecule-1 alpha subunit: an integrin with an embedded domain defining a protein superfamily". J. Cell Biol. 108 (2): 703–12. 1989. doi:10.1083/jcb.108.2.703. PMID 2537322. 
• "Involvement of a leukocyte adhesion receptor (LFA-1) in HIV-induced syncytium formation". Science 244 (4908): 1075–8. 1989. doi:10.1126/science.2543075. PMID 2543075. Bibcode: 1989Sci...244.1075H. 
• "Human memory T lymphocytes express increased levels of three cell adhesion molecules (LFA-3, CD2, and LFA-1) and three other molecules (UCHL1, CDw29, and Pgp-1) and have enhanced IFN-gamma production". J. Immunol. 140 (5): 1401–7. 1988. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.140.5.1401. PMID 2894392. 
• "Chromosomal location of the genes encoding the leukocyte adhesion receptors LFA-1, Mac-1 and p150,95. Identification of a gene cluster involved in cell adhesion". J. Exp. Med. 167 (5): 1597–607. 1988. doi:10.1084/jem.167.5.1597. PMID 3284962. 
• "Differential function of LFA-1 family molecules (CD11 and CD18) in adhesion of human monocytes to melanoma and endothelial cells". Immunology 61 (3): 261–7. 1987. PMID 3301632. 
• "Crystal structure of the I-domain from the CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1, alpha L beta 2) integrin". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (22): 10277–81. 1995. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.22.10277. PMID 7479767. Bibcode: 1995PNAS...9210277Q. 
• "Differential expression of cell adhesion molecules by human hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow and mobilized adult peripheral blood". Stem Cells 13 (3): 311–6. 1995. doi:10.1002/stem.5530130312. PMID 7542116. 
• "Distribution of cell adhesion molecules on CD56++, CD3-, CD16- large granular lymphocytes and endothelial cells in first-trimester human decidua". Hum. Reprod. 8 (8): 1203–8. 1993. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138229. PMID 7691868. 
• "Coordinate induction of interferon alpha and gamma by recombinant HIV-1 glycoprotein 120". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 9 (10): 957–62. 1994. doi:10.1089/aid.1993.9.957. PMID 7904170. 
• "Adhesion mediated by intercellular adhesion molecule 1 attenuates the potency of antibodies that block HIV-1 gp160-dependent syncytium formation". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 10 (5): 585–93. 1994. doi:10.1089/aid.1994.10.585. PMID 7917519. 
• "Nef protein of HIV-1 has B-cell stimulatory activity". AIDS 8 (6): 733–4. 1994. doi:10.1097/00002030-199406000-00002. PMID 8086129. https://zenodo.org/record/1234770. 

External links

• CD11a+Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• ITGAL Info with links in the Cell Migration Gateway
• Human ITGAL genome location and ITGAL gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.