Chemistry:1P-LSD

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Short description: Chemical compound
1P-LSD
1P-LSD Structural Formulae V.1.svg
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: Prohibited Import.
  • BR: F2
  • CA: Unscheduled.
  • DE: NpSG (Industrial and scientific use only)
  • UK: Under Psychoactive Substances Act
  • US: Unscheduled (may be considered illegal if sold for human consumption as an analog of LSD under the federal analog act)
  • In general Unscheduled, unless sold for human consumption, Illegal in Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Romania, Russia, Croatia Singapore, Sweden and Switzerland
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC23H29N3O2
Molar mass379.504 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)

1P-LSD (1-propanoyl-lysergic acid diethylamide) is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide class that is a derivative and functional analogue of LSD and a homologue of ALD-52. It originated in 2015 when it appeared a designer drug sold online.[1][2][3][4][5][6] It modifies the LSD molecule by adding a propionyl group to the nitrogen molecule of LSD's indole group.[7][8]

Pharmacology

Like ALD-52, 1P-LSD is believed to act as prodrug for LSD via hydrolysis of the propionyl group. When 1P-LSD is incubated in human serum,[9] administered intravenously to rats,[10] or administered either orally or intravenously to human subjects,[11] high levels of LSD and relatively low levels of 1P-LSD are quickly detected, demonstrating that 1P-LSD is rapidly hydrolyzed into LSD in vivo following ingestion. Indeed, following intravenous administration in humans 1P-LSD is detectable in serum for no longer than 4 hours, after which it is completely converted to LSD.[11] These findings are supported by the similar duration and behavioral effects of 1P-LSD and LSD in both animal and human experiments.[9][11]

Effects

1P-LSD on blotter paper

The subjective effects of 1P-LSD are not well defined in the scientific literature, although they are generally thought to be comparable to that of LSD.[12] In a 2020 study, the qualitative effects of 1P-LSD and LSD were similar when measured using visual analog scales.

Legal status

As of 2015, 1P-LSD is unscheduled in the United States, but may be considered illegal if sold or used for human consumption or for recreational use as a structural analog of LSD under the Federal Analogue Act, however the sale or supply of the substance is legal for medical and research purposes.[9] 1P-LSD is a controlled substance in France,[13] Finland,[14] Denmark,[15] Germany,[16] Estonia,[17] Japan,[18] Latvia,[19] Norway,[20] Romania,[21] Sweden,[22] Switzerland,[23] United Kingdom,[24] Italy,[citation needed] Singapore,[25] the Czech Republic,[26] and Croatia.[27] 1P-LSD has been illegal in Russia since 2017 as an LSD derivative.[28]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Philtre Bulletin Issue 5". WEDINOS. March 2015. http://www.wedinos.org/resources/downloads/Philtre_Issue_5.pdf. 
  2. ↑ "Why Young Brits Are Taking So Much LSD and Ecstasy". Vice. 27 July 2015. https://www.vice.com/read/this-is-why-so-many-young-brits-are-taking-so-much-acid-and-ecstasy-892. 
  3. ↑ "Newer Unregulated Drugs". KFx. April 2015. http://www.kfx.org.uk/resources/NUDlistapr2015.pdf. 
  4. ↑ "A handful of dangerous new legal drugs has public health experts worried". Business Insider UK. 11 August 2015. http://uk.businessinsider.com/new-synthetic-drugs-2015-8. 
  5. ↑ "1P-LSD". New Synthetic Drugs Database. http://nsddb.eu/substance/502/. 
  6. ↑ "Self-reported use of novel psychoactive substances among attendees of electronic dance music venues". The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 42 (6): 624–632. November 2016. doi:10.1080/00952990.2016.1181179. PMID 27315522. 
  7. ↑ Jose (15 October 2015). "Is 1P-LSD A Prodrug To LSD?". Detect-Kit. https://detect-kit.com/is-1p-lsd-a-prodrug-to-lsd/. 
  8. ↑ "Hydrolysis of amides. Kinetics and mechanism of the basic hydrolysis of N-acylpyrroles, N-acylindoles and N-acylcarbazoles". Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 20 (1): 247–248. January–February 1983. doi:10.1002/jhet.5570200154. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Return of the lysergamides. Part I: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1-propionyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (1P-LSD)". Drug Testing and Analysis 8 (9): 891–902. September 2016. doi:10.1002/dta.1884. PMID 26456305. 
  10. ↑ "Pharmacological and biotransformation studies of 1-acyl-substituted derivatives of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)". Neuropharmacology 172: 107856. August 2020. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107856. PMID 31756337. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of 1P-LSD in humans after oral and intravenous administration". Drug Testing and Analysis 12 (8): 1144–1153. August 2020. doi:10.1002/dta.2821. PMID 32415750. 
  12. ↑ "NPS: Medical Consequences Associated with Their Intake". Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 32: 351–380. June 2016. doi:10.1007/7854_2016_15. ISBN 978-3-319-52442-9. OCLC 643052237. PMID 27272067. 
  13. ↑ "Arrêté du 20 mai 2021 modifiant l'arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants". 20 May 2021. https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000043523554. 
  14. ↑ "Valtioneuvoston asetus kuluttajamarkkinoilta kielletyistä psykoaktiivisista aineista annetun valtioneuvoston asetuksen liitteen muuttamisesta" (in Finnish). https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2018/20180840. 
  15. ↑ "Lists of euphoriant substances". The Danish Medicines Agency. September 2015. http://laegemiddelstyrelsen.dk/en/licensing/company-authorisations-and-registrations/euphoriant-substances/lists-of-substances. 
  16. ↑ "Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-. Stoffe-Gesetzes und von Anlagen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes" (in German). https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl119s1083.pdf%27%5D__1563358129436. 
  17. ↑ "Muudatus narkootiliste ja psühhotroopsete ainete I nimekirjas" (in Estonian). Republic of Estonia Agency of Medicines. https://www.sam.ee/en/node/10831. 
  18. ↑ "指定薬物一覧" (in Japanese). Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. http://www.mhlw.go.jp/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/iyakuhin/yakubuturanyou/dl/meisho.pdf. 
  19. ↑ "Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem" (in Latvian). Latvijas Republikas tiesību akti. http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086. 
  20. ↑ "31 Forskrift om narkotika (narkotikaforskriften)" (in Norwegian). Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet. 14 February 2013. https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2013-02-14-199. 
  21. ↑ "Legea 194/2011 privind combaterea operatiunilor cu produse susceptibile de a avea efecte psihoactive, altele decat cele prevazute de acte normative in vigoare, republicata 2014". http://www.dreptonline.ro/legislatie/legea_194_2011_combaterea_operatiunilor_produse_susceptibile_efecte_psihoactive.php. 
  22. ↑ "Förordning om ändring i förordningen (1999:58) om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor" (in Swedish). https://notisum.se/rnp/sls/sfs/20150997.pdf. 
  23. ↑ "Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien" (in German). Der Bundesrat. https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html. 
  24. ↑ "Psychoactive Substances Act 2016". https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents. 
  25. ↑ "Misuse of Drugs Act - Singapore Statutes Online". https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MDA1973. 
  26. ↑ "Nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb. Nařízení vlády o seznamech návykových látek" (in Czech). Zákony pro lidi. https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463. 
  27. ↑ "Popis droga, psihotropnih tvari i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga te tvari koje se mogu uporabiti za izradu droga". https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2019_02_13_259.html. 
  28. ↑ "ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ, КОТОРЫЕ ВНОСЯТСЯ В АКТЫ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ В СВЯЗИ С СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕМ КОНТРОЛЯ ЗА ОБОРОТОМ НАРКОТИЧЕСКИХ СРЕДСТВ И ПСИХОТРОПНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ \ КонсультантПлюс". https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_404473/4347f565328bac46bfd843bc52fef25ac88cd925/#dst100135. 



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