Chemistry:1V-LSD

From HandWiki

1V-LSD, also known as 1-valeryl-LSD or by the nickname Valerie, is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).[1][2] It is an analogue of LSD and is thought to act as a prodrug of LSD.[3]

1V-LSD has been sold online until an amendment to the German NpSG was enforced in 2022 which controls 1P-LSD and now 1cP-LSD, 1V-LSD and several other lysergamides.[4]

Interactions

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

As demonstrated with other N-acylated derivatives of LSD, 1V-LSD is believed to serve as a prodrug for LSD but may also act directly as a weak partial agonist at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.[3]

A head-twitch response assay in mice found that 1V-LSD has a similar potency to 1P-LSD and 1cP-LSD, with behavioral effects also closely resembling these structural analogs.[5]

Chemistry

Synthesis

1V-LSD is the condensation product of valeric acid (pentanoic acid) and LSD, where the valeroyl group is substituted on the NH position of the indole moiety.[6]

Detection

Ehrlich's reagent is used to identify the presence of an indole moiety; the chemical backbone of the lysergamide and ergoline molecules.[7] However, as with other N-acylated lysergamides, 1V-LSD reacts very slowly to Ehrlich reagent and may not give reliable results if the reagent isn't fresh.[8][9]

Analogues

Related compounds include 1B-LSD, 1cP-LSD, 1D-LSD, 1P-LSD, and AL-LAD, among others.

Society and culture

1v-LSD strip blotters.

Germany

An amendment to the NpSG banned the sale of 1V-LSD in Germany in September 2022. Due to a interpunctation error in the actualised NpSG, the ban never took effect.[10] The law was amended in March 2023, now banning 1V-LSD.

North America

1V-LSD is not a controlled substance in North America (United States and Canada), unless sold for human consumption in the US.[11]

South Korea

1V-LSD was placed under legal control in South Korea in July 2022 on a temporary but renewable basis.[12]

Sweden

Since March 2nd 2022, 1V-LSD has been under investigation in Sweden and may therefore soon become controlled.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "1V-LSD (solution)" (in en). https://www.caymanchem.com/product/35744/1v-lsd-(solution). 
  2. ↑ "1V-LSD PsychonautWiki" (in en). Psychonautwiki. https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/1V-LSD. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Return of the lysergamides. Part VII: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1-valeroyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (1V-LSD)". Drug Testing and Analysis 14 (4): 733–740. November 2021. doi:10.1002/dta.3205. PMID 34837347. 
  4. ↑ "1V-LSD - legales LSD 3.0" (in de). 10 September 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EN6n6pUb7bs. 
  5. ↑ "Pharmacological and biotransformation studies of 1-acyl-substituted derivatives of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)". Neuropharmacology 172. August 2020. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107856. PMID 31756337. 
  6. ↑ "Condensation of Carboxylic Acids with Non-Nucleophilic N-Heterocycles and Anilides Using Boc2O". The Journal of Organic Chemistry 81 (22): 11444–11453. November 2016. doi:10.1021/acs.joc.6b02097. PMID 27767302. 
  7. ↑ "A field test for hallucinogens: further improvements". The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 26 (8): 637–8. August 1974. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1974.tb10677.x. PMID 4155730. 
  8. ↑ "REACTIONS 1V-LSD" (in en). PRO Test. 16 July 2021. https://www.protestkit.eu/1v-lsd-reagent-testing-results/. 
  9. ↑ "1V-LSD reaction with the ehrlich reagent" (in en). PRO Test. 16 July 2021. https://www.protestkit.eu/1v-lsd-reagent-testing-results/. 
  10. ↑ "Gesetzespanne: Gefährliche LSD-Derivate plötzlich legal". https://www.lto.de/recht/hintergruende/h/lsd-derivate-drogen-legalisierung-strafbar-gesetztespanne-bmg-lauterbach-npsg-btmg/. 
  11. ↑ 21 U.S. Code § 813 - Treatment of controlled substance analogues, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/813 
  12. ↑ Kim Chan-hyuk, Regulator names 1V-LSD as narcotic drug temporarily. Korea Biomedical Review, 5 July 2022

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