Chemistry:Isoxsuprine
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| Pronunciation | /aɪˈsɒksjʊpriːn/ |
| Trade names | Duvadilan, Vasodilan |
| MedlinePlus | a682831 |
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| Routes of administration | Oral (tablets) |
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| Bioavailability | ~100% (humans),[1] 2.2% (horses; oral)[2] |
| Onset of action | 1 hour |
| Elimination half-life | <3 hours (horses)[3] |
| Excretion | Mainly renal |
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| Formula | C18H23NO3 |
| Molar mass | 301.386 g·mol−1 |
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Isoxsuprine (used as isoxsuprine hydrochloride) is a drug used as a vasodilator[4] in humans (under the trade name Duvadilan) and equines. Isoxsuprine is a β2 adrenoreceptor agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle via β2 receptors.[5]
Use
In humans
Isoxsuprine is used in humans for treatment of premature labor, i.e. a tocolytic,[6] and as a vasodilator for the treatment of cerebral vascular insufficiency, Raynaud's phenomenon, and other conditions.[7]
Isoxsuprine may increase the heart rate, cause changes in blood pressure, and irritate the GI tract. It should therefore be used with caution if combined with other drugs that affect blood pressure, such as sedatives and anesthetic drugs.
In horses
Isoxsuprine is most commonly used to treat hoof-related problems in the horse, most commonly for laminitis and navicular disease, as its effects as a vasodilator are thought to increase circulation within the hoof to help counteract the problems associated with these conditions. Isoxsuprine is given orally, and many horses find the pills quite palatable.[8] Isoxsuprine is a prohibited class B drug in FEI-regulated competition, and is often prohibited by other equine associations. It may be detected in the urine for several weeks or months following administration. It is therefore important to check the drug-rules within an animal's given competitive organization, before administering the drug.
Because it is a vasodilator, it should not be used in horses that are bleeding, or in mares following foaling.
References
- ↑ "125. Vasodilators". Medical Toxicology (3rd ed.). Philadelphia [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2004. p. 718. ISBN 978-0781728454.
- ↑ "Isoxsuprine hydrochloride in the horse: a review". Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 25 (2): 81–87. April 2002. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2885.2002.00386.x. PMID 12000527.
- ↑ "13. Clinical pharmacology of the equine musculoskeletal system". Equine Pharmacology. Wiley—Blackwell. 2014. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-8138-2262-4.
- ↑ "Hemodynamic effects of isoxsuprine in cardiac failure". Chest 86 (5): 736–40. November 1984. doi:10.1378/chest.86.5.736. PMID 6488912.
- ↑ "Affinity of tocolytic agents on human placental and myometrial beta-adrenergic receptors". Journal of Perinatal Medicine 14 (2): 109–13. 1986. doi:10.1515/jpme.1986.14.2.109. PMID 2874205. http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/12854.
- ↑ "Use of isoxsuprine hydrochloride as a tocolytic agent in the treatment of preterm labour: a systematic review of previous literature". Arzneimittel-Forschung 60 (7): 415–20. 2010. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1296305. PMID 20712130.
- ↑ "Isoxsuprine". Drugs.com. https://www.drugs.com/mtm/isoxsuprine.html.
- ↑ Equine Medications. The Horse health care library. Lexington, KY: Eclipse Press. 2007. OCLC 1360077554.
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